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Case Report
Successful pleurodesis with OK-432 in preterm infants with persistent pleural effusion
Jeong Eun Kim, Chul Lee, Kook In Park, Min Soo Park, Ran Namgung, In Kyu Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(5):177-180.   Published online May 21, 2012

OK-432 (picibanil) is an inactivated preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes that causes pleurodesis by inducing a strong inflammatory response. Intrapleural instillation of OK-432 has recently been used to successfully treat neonatal and fetal chylothorax. Here we report a trial of intrapleural instillation of OK-432 in two preterm infants who were born with hydrops fetalis and massive bilateral pleural effusion. Both cases...

A sporadic case of Loeys-Dietz syndrome type I with two novel mutations of the TGFBR2 gene
Jung Sook Ha, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(6):272-275.   Published online June 30, 2011

A recently recognized connective tissue disorder, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a genetic aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor-receptor type I or II gene (TGFBR1 or TGFBR2). They have distinctive phenotypic abnormalities including widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), bifid uvula or cleft palate, and arterial tortuosity with aortic aneurysm or dissection throughout the arterial tree. LDS is...

Original Article
Clinical feature of neonatal pneumothorax induced by respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia
Ji-Sun Jung, Sang-Woo Park, Chun-Soo Kim, Sang-Lak Lee, Tae-Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):310-314.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : Pneumothorax is an important factor responsible for increased mortality and morbidity in neonates. Here, we compared the clinical findings and prognosis for neonatal pneumothorax induced by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and pneumonia. Methods : Between January 2001 and December 2005, 80 patients with neonatal pneumothorax induced by RDS and pneumonia and admitted to the NICU of Dongsan Medical...
Study of the risk factors for pulmonary interstitial emphysema related to mechanical ventilator care
Sang Yeob Kim, Pil Sang Lee, Sang Geel Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(11):1179-1184.   Published online November 15, 2008
Purpose : Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) primarily occurs in preterm infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and kept under mechanical ventilator care. Therefore, this study aimed to examine various risk factors for PIE, to identify conditions that can decrease the possibility of PIE development. Methods : PIE classification was conducted for 183 patients diagnosed to have RDS and receiving mechanical...
A clinical study of congenital chylothorax and octreotide therapy
Ung Geon Oh, Kyoung Eun Choi, Kyung Ah Kim, Sun Young Ko, Yeon Kyung Lee, Son Moon Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(11):1172-1178.   Published online November 15, 2008
Purpose : Congenital chylothorax is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the pleural space. It is a common cause of unidentified hydrops fetalis. We examined the perinatal history, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in 6 newborns diagnosed to have congenital chylothorax with hydrops fetalis. We also studied the effect of octreotide therapy for congenital chylothorax in relation to conservative...
Case Report
Two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy
Eun Jin Choi, Sub Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):298-301.   Published online March 15, 2007
Chylothorax is a rare complication following cardiac surgery for congenital heart diseases. Although conservative management is successful in the majority of cases, surgical intervention is required in a refractory one. Recently, subcutaneous or intravenous infusion of octreotide has been used as a safe treatment that helps avoiding surgical intervention. Herein, we report two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral...
Perforation of azygos vein and right-sided hydrothorax caused by peripherally inserted central catheter in extremely low birth weight infant
Kee Soo Ha, Jung Yeon Shin, Mi Jung Hwang, Young Ok Choi, Dong Han Shin, Gi Young Jang, Byung Min Choi, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Chang Sung Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):902-905.   Published online August 15, 2006
We report a case in which routine chest roentgenograms of an 840 g infant led to the belief that the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was appropriately positioned within the superior vena cava when, in actuality, it was within the azygous arch. Although many cases of pleural effusions have been reported to be caused by a central venous catheter, a...
A Case of Bilateral Spontaneous Tension Pneumothorax Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
Jae Won Lee, Mi Young Heo, Hae Soon Kim, Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(3):401-405.   Published online March 15, 2002
Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae) is the leading cause of pneumonia in school-age children and young adults. The clinical courses are usually mild but recently, severe cases were reported such as lung abscess, Swyer-James syndrome and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Spontaneous pneumothorax associated with M. pneumoniae infection is rare. Carlisle reported a 6-year-old patient with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax associated with M. pneumoniae...
Chondrodysplasia Punctata(Rhizomelic Type) Associated with Pneumothorax
Ji Sun Mok, Hye Won Hwang, Jin Eun Kim, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Seong Min Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(8):965-970.   Published online August 15, 2001
Chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare congenital syndrome caused by a peroxisomal dysfunction. Chondrodysplasia punctata is classified into four main types-Coradi-Hunermann's type, rhizomelic type, X-linked dominant form and X-linked recessive form. A male patient with this condition was born at 39 weeks gestation, the pregnancy being complicated by polyhydroamnios, breech presentation, and anomalies of congenital limbs. At delivery, there was no...
A Case of Congenital Chylothorax in a Premature Infant
Su Kyeong Oh, Young Hye Jeong, Youn Jee Choi, Soon Ok Byun, Ji Sub Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(4):460-463.   Published online April 15, 2001
We experienced a case of isolated fetal pleural effusion diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonogram in the 33th week of gestational age. Chest PA at birth showed massive pleural effusion in both lungs. The serous pleural fluid changed to a milky nature after feeding so we diagnosed it as congenital chylothorax. The infant was managed by chest tube drainage, NPO & TPN...
A Case of Idiopathic Chylothorax Treated with Pleuroperitoneal Shunt
Sung Ho Jung, Dong Un Kim, Yoon Kyung Lee, Byung Joon Choi, Jin Tack Kim, Ik Jun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(5):733-737.   Published online May 15, 1999
Chylothorax is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid or chyle in the pleurual cavity resulting from a leak of the thoracic duct or one of its major divisions. If the loss of chyle persist, life threatening nutritional and immunologic deficiencies ensue. Initial conservative managements consist of tube thoracostomy drainage and dietary modification(low fat diet and total parenteral nutrition). In some refarctory...
A Case of Spontaneouse Hemothorax Associated with a Posterior Mediastinal Endodermal Sinus Tumor in a Female Patient
Eui Seok Park, Il Tae Hwang, Ghee Young Jung, Du Bong Lee, Young Sook Han, Hyo Seon Choi, Mi Kyeong Ji
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(10):1465-1469.   Published online October 15, 1997
Primary endodermal sinus tumor(yolk sac tumor) of the mediastinum is rare. Most patients are young and male, and the great majority of tumors are found in the anterior mediastinum, and spontaneous hemothorax is a rare presentation of intrathoracic tumors. We report a case of spontaneous hemothorax associated with a posterior mediastinal endoderml sinus tumor occuring in a female patient. Brief review and related literatures...
A Case of Isolated Fetal Pleural Effusion Antenatally Diagnose
Hae Kyung Lee, Joo Tak Lee, Joon Soo Park, Young Chang Kim, Sang Chul Park, Young Hwa Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(10):1469-1473.   Published online October 15, 1996
The isolated fetal pleural effusion is rare and has no other signs of fetal hydrops. Its etiology is unknown but the most common cause is congenital chylothorax. We experienced a case of fetal pleural effusion diagnosed in the 35 weeks gestational age by antenatal ultrasonogram and antenatal diagnosis allowed early therapeutic intervention such as drainage of pleural fluid immediatly after birth. We diagnosed congenital chylothorax...
Original Article
Effect of High Frequency Ventilation on Tension Pneumothorx Induced by Conventional Ventilator
Jae Han Kim, Jung Mi Lee, Sang Heuck Ma, Jae Uk Lee, Sang Geel Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(4):527-536.   Published online April 15, 1994
Four cases of newborn with tension pneumothorax induced by a conventional ventilator were admitted to our nursery January 1. 1992 to June 30. 1992 and they were managed by high frequency ventilator (Infrasonic Infant Star Venilator). In contrast, four cases of newborn with tension pneumothorax who were continuously on the conventional ventilator, were included as a control group. They were...
A clinical observation on chylothorax in childhood.
Mi Jin Jung, Joon Jai Kim, Young Ah Lee, Chung Il Noh, Jung Hwan Choi, Chong Ku Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(4):497-506.   Published online April 30, 1991
Fourteen patients who had developed a chylothorax in childhood during a ten year period, from Jan. 1979 to July 1989, were reviewed by their hospital records. The chylothoraces occurred most frequently as complications of cardiothoracic surgeries in eight patients(57%). Four cases followed extrapericardial operations such as ligation of PDA and take-down of Blalock-Taussig shunt, and four cases followed intrapericardial operations such as corrective operations...
A case of Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy.
Hyung Goo Cho, Hwang Min Kim, Jae Seung Yang, Jong Soo Kim, Whi Yul Cho, So Young Jin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(9):1294-1300.   Published online September 30, 1990
Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, a rare form of bony dysplasia, is characterized by extreme constriction of thorax, short limbed dwarfism, abnormalities of pelvic bone in neonatal period, and progressive interstitial nephritis in childhood. The incidence of this syndrome has been estimated at 1 per 100,000 to 130,000 live births and more than 100 patients have been reported worldwide. Infants with asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy usually have...
Factors Associated with Pneumothorax in Hyaline Membrane Disease In fants Receiving Mechanical Ventilation.
Oh Kyung Lee, Kyung Hee Kim, Kyu Sun Choi, Wan Seoub Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1989;32(12):1642-1649.   Published online December 31, 1989
We observed 42 cases of neonates, who were diagnosed as having Hyaline membrane disease and had been received mechanical ventilation in neonatal intensive care unit of Presbyterian medical center from July 1984 to July 1988. In order to observe the factors associated with pneumothorax, we devide these cases in two groups. First group was consists of infants with pneumothorax, second group was consists of...
A Case of Pulmonary Lymphangiectasis Associated with Chylothorax.
Min Hee Kim, Jae Kyoung Lee, Oh Bae Chun, Byoung Hoon Yoo, Jae Hyung Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1987;30(4):422-426.   Published online April 30, 1987
Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis is a rare abnormality usually becoming manifest at birth and almost invariably fatal in neonatal period or early infancy. Chylothorax is an infrequent manifestation of this disease. We report a patient with pulmonary lymphangiectasis, 3 year old male, who had been suffered from persistent respiratory distress since 7 days after birth, in whom the diagnosis was suggested by the appearance of...
Case Report
A Case of Spondylothoracic Dysplasia.
Jong Sic Joo, Bong Joon Chung, Yong Sub Kim, Kyung Hye Park, Chan Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(12):1221-1224.   Published online December 31, 1985
The author experienced a case of spondylothoracic dysplasia from 4 month old female-patient who had congenital anomalies on vertebrae & thorax. She was born with normal weight and full term, but she looked bizarre because of shortened trunk & neck, marked protuberant abdomen, prominent lumbar lordosis. On admission, she had growth retardation for having upper respiratory tract infection and feeding...
Original Article
Peumomediastinum in the Newborn.
Dong Gwan Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(3):217-224.   Published online March 31, 1985
A retrospective review was performed of 15 medical records to study the pneumomedia- stinum in the newborn during last 4 years from Jan. 1980 through Dec. 1983 at Severance Hospital of Yonsei University. Tne results were as follows： 1) The incidence was 0.14% (15 of 8,737 live-births) during the neonatal period. Of those cases spontaneous pneumomediastinum was 66.7%(10 cases) and secondary pneumomedia- stinum 33.3%(5 cases). Males were...
Case Report
A case of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy.
Young Joo Suh, Seung Ki Kim, Soon Ok Byun, Ji Sub Oh, Ok Ji Paik
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(2):177-181.   Published online February 28, 1985
We have experienced a case of Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy in 22 hour old boy who had constriction of thorax and short extremities. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical features, radiological and autoptic finding. A brief review of the related literatures was also made.
Original Article
Secondary Pneumothorax in the newborn.
Dong Gwan Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(2):123-130.   Published online February 28, 1985
Clinical records of 25 neonates with secondary pneumothorax were reviewed retrospectively during last 6 years from Jan. 1978 through Dec. 1983 at Pediatric Department of Yonsei University Hospital. The following results were obtained; 1)The incidence of secondary pneumothorax was 0.16% (21 out of 12,864 live-birth) during the neonatal period. The incidence tended to increase since we had set up the neonatal,...
Spontaneous Pneumothorax in the Newborn.
Dong Gwan Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(1):16-24.   Published online January 31, 1985
A retrospective 13 medical records of symptomatic and spontaneous pneumothorax of newborn has been reviewed, which occurred during last 13 years from Jan. 1971 through Dec. 1983 at Pediatric Department of Yonsei Medical School. Spontaneous pneumothorax was defined one with pneumothorax which was not given positive pressure or intubation. And following results W6re obtained; 1)The incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in...
A Clinical Study of Neonatal Pneumothrax.
Young Suk Ko, Hae Seung Kim, Keun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1984;27(6):543-547.   Published online June 30, 1984
We observed 25 cases of neonatal pneumothorax who were admitted to the department of pediatrics, Ewha Womans University Hospital from January, 1981 to September, 1983. The following results were obtained. 1)The incidence of neonatal pneumothorax was 0.3%. 2)The clinical manifestations of neonatal pneumothorax were as followed; male infant was dominant(M: F = 1.78 : 1), the onset was within 24 hours...
Case Report
A Case of Chylous Ascites with Chylothorax.
Koae Jong Park, Sang Hyun Byun, Jeong Soon Hwang, Yong Hun Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1984;27(2):174-177.   Published online February 28, 1984
The authors experienced a case of chylous ascites with chylothorax, who was 4-month-old male infant. The clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory findings were compatible with chylothorax and chylous ascites. Clinical study and review of literature were presented briefly.
Original Article
A Clinical Observations on Pyothorax in Children.
S H Kim, H I Lee, T C Kwon, C M Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1983;26(7):667-674.   Published online July 31, 1983
The is the report of clinical observations on 132 cases of pyothorax in children under the age of 15 years which were admitted to the Pediatric Department, Keimyung University, School of Medicine during the period of 16 years from Jan. 1966 through Dec. 1981. The following results are obtained.The incidence has tendency of increasing for recent 3 years and 61.3% of cases has...
Case Report
A Case of Neonatal Chylothorax.
Hyung Taek Ohm, Hea Sook Kim, Myong Sook Lee, Sang II Lee, Sang wook Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1983;26(4):380-385.   Published online April 30, 1983
We experienced a case of chylothorax in a 23-days-old female who was admitted to the department of pediatrics because of respiratory difficulty and poor feeding. She was born by full-term, vacuum-extractedl The 2nd stage of labor was prolorged and umbilical cord was encircled her neck at birth. Chest P-A showed massive effusion of the right lung. Milky white fluid was obtained from thoracentesis. It was...
A Case of Potter Syndrome.
Young Mi Hong, Hae Seung Kim, Jung Gon Kim, Keun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1982;25(11):1181-1184.   Published online November 30, 1982
In 1946 Potter described a series of 20 cases in infants in whom bilateral absence of the kidneys was associated with, hypoplasia of the lung and characteristic face. The main facial features she described were increased space between the eyes, a prominent fold which arises at inner canthus and sweeps downward and laterally below the eyes, unusual flattening of the nose, excessive recession of...
Congenital Chylothorax.
Jong Wie Choi, Do Kwang Yun, Pyung Kil Kim, Kyung Soon Song
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1982;25(7):748-752.   Published online July 31, 1982
Chyle is the digestive product absorbed from intestinal lymphatics which the component have high concentration of triglyceride and protein. The various pathological circumstances which give rise to intrathoracic effusion of chyle are well documented and so the etiology is clearly defined in most instances. However, the occurrence of chylothorax in early infancy, in the absence of other demonstrable diseases and...
A case of Pneumothorax due to Paragonimiasis with Family.
S J Han, B Y Pyun, D H Lee, S J Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1982;25(2):168-174.   Published online February 28, 1982
We experienced one case of pneumothorax due to paragonimiasis of 6 years aged girl. The diagnosis was established by characteristic feature of ova on stool and sputum. A brief review of related literature was presented.