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Review Article
Gastroenterology
Prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children
Yu Kyung Cho, Jin Lee, Chang Nyol Paik
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(9):377-383.   Published online August 21, 2023
· Pediatric small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) manifestations range from nonspecific abdominal symptoms to malabsorption or malnutrition.
· SIBO is prevalent in children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders.
· Predisposing factors include disturbed intestinal motility, altered anatomy, and/or abnormal body defense systems against intestinal bacteria.
· Breath tests are safe and noninvasive.
· Treatment principles include managing predisposing conditions, nutritional support, symptom control, and antibiotics.
Original Article
Gastroenterology
Ability of polymicrobial probiotic and mono-strain probiotic to reduce functional abdominal pain in children: a randomized clinical trial
Seyed Sajad Jafari, Seyed Mojtaba Hashemi, Bahman Sadeghi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):589-594.   Published online October 31, 2022
· This study compared the ability of 2 probiotics to reduce and improve functional abdominal pain (FAP) in children.
· In the polymicrobial probiotic (PMP) group, 10.34% of children reported no pain; in the mono-strain probiotic (MSP) group, all patients reported low-degree pain. The mean pain score decreased significantly over time in both groups.
· The use of both PMP and MSP is recommended to reduce pain in patients with FAP.
Evaluating the effects of probiotics in pediatrics with recurrent abdominal pain
Parisa Rahmani, Azin Ghouran-orimi, Farzaneh Motamed, Alireza Moradzadeh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(12):485-490.   Published online July 21, 2020
Question: ecurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a chief complaint among pediatrics and is associated with reduced quality of life, for both parent and child, and economic burden. Does probiotics reduce the frequency of RAP among children?
Finding: This study reported the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotics among children with RAP as a result of multiple etiologies.
Meaning: The administration of probiotic supplements is significantly associated with pain relief among RAP children presented with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional dyspepsia.
Case Report
Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a child with recurrent abdominal pain
Seung Hyun Lee, Hyun Park, Seung Taek Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(11):451-453.   Published online November 22, 2015

Diphyllobothrium latum infection in humans is not common in Republic of Korea. We report a case of fish tapeworm infection in a 10-year-old boy after ingestion of raw perch about 8 months ago. The patient complained of recurrent abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. A tapeworm, 85 cm in length, without scolex and neck, was spontaneously discharged in the feces of...

Original Article
Characteristics of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children with chronic abdominal pain
Ji Hyun Uhm
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):655-659.   Published online July 15, 2007
Purpose : The aim of this study was to document the causes of chronic abdominal pain in children referred to a hospital setting and evaluate the frequency and characteristics of functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) classified by Rome III criteria. Methods : One hundred thirty two patients with chronic abdominal pain were evaluated. Examinations were performed in order to find organic...
Helicobacter pylori reinfection rate by a 13C-urea breath test and endoscopic biopsy tests in Korean children
Jeong Ok Shim, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):268-272.   Published online March 15, 2006
Purpose : The reinfection rate of H. pylori reported before 13C-urea breath test(13C-UBT) era was higher than that of the post 13C-UBT era. Children are usually reluctant to receive invasive endoscopic evaluation for the reinfection of H. pylori, particularly when they are asymptomatic. The aim of the study is to discover the reinfection rate by different diagnostic tests, and to...
Review Article
Helicobacter pylori infection and abdominal pain in children
Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):136-143.   Published online February 15, 2006
The relationship between H. pylori(Hp) infection and recurrent abdominal pain(RAP) in children is not clear. Current data in the literature regarding a causal relationship between Hp infection and childhood RAP are conflicting. However, meta-analysis and most of the recently published studies have not supported an association between Hp infection and an increased prevalence of abdominal pain. Most published studies have...
New approach to chronic recurrent abdominal pain in children
Hye Ran Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):129-135.   Published online February 15, 2006
Chronic recurrent abdominal pain is a common manifestation in children. Functional abdominal pain is the most common cause of chronic abdominal pain and can be diagnosed properly by the physician without the requirement of specific evaluation when there are no alarm symptoms or signs. Functional abdominal pain is categorized as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine,...
Early recognition of high risk factors of acute abdominal pain in children
Jin-Bok Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):117-128.   Published online February 15, 2006
Non-traumatic acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain. Although many etiologies are benign, some require a rapid diagnosis and treatment in order to minimize morbidity. This review concentrates on the clinical office evaluation of acute abdominal pain in infants and children and details the clinical guideline for the diagnostic approach to imaging...
Case Report
Two Cases of Lead Poisoning due to Herb Medicinal Pills
Seong Hwan Choi, Eun Young Park, Jung Yeon Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):1009-1015.   Published online September 15, 2005
We encountered two children with lead poisoning who were administered herb medicinal pills recommended by their clergyman. These patients presented anemia and severe coliky abdominal pain, but no neurologic symptoms. For this reason, they were initially misdiagnosed with gastrointestinal hemorrhagic disease. However, we got a clue that they took herb medicinal pills. Finally, based on the assay of blood lead...
A Case of Trichobezoar in a Child Who Visited with Intermittent Abdominal Pain, Nausea and Vomiting
Seung-In Ahn, Jung-Suk Yoo, Kyung-Chang Oh, Bong-Lim Kim, Sung-Sub Kim, Yeun-Ho Kim, Jin-Keun Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(4):433-437.   Published online April 15, 2005
Bezoars are concretions commonly found in the stomach and small bowel, and four types of bezoars have been described based on their composition : trichobezoar, phytobezoar, lactorbezoar, and miscellaneous. Bezoars most often develop after gastric operations that alter the motility, emptying, and grinding of food in the stomach. Trichobezoars are most common in female children with normal gastrointestinal function and...
A Case of Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
Won Ho Hahn, Eun Seong Kim, Hyo Jong Kim, Sung Ho Cha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(8):896-899.   Published online August 15, 2004
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS) is a rare disorder in children. The incidence of SRUS is highest in young adults, and sex distribution is equal, or there may be a slight female predominance. There are few investigations about the exact incidences and effective treatment protocols of SRUS in children. The clinical symptoms and signs of SRUS are accompanied by rectal bleeding,...
Original Article
Is Acute Nonspecific Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Associated with Acute Abdominal Pain in Epidemic Aseptic Meningitis?
Hae Rim Kim, Kiyoung Ku, Young Hwan Lee, Sin Kam, Jin-Bok Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(6):623-627.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Acute abdominal pain in an epidemic aseptic meningitis which is mostly an enterovirus as causative agent, is noted in 23-55% of patients. An enterovirus is also known as one of the causes of acute nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis(ANML). The purpose of this study was to see if ANML was associated with acute abdominal pain in epidemic aseptic meningitis. Methods :...
Therapeutic Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain Associated with H. pylori
Ji Hyun Uhm, Ki Sup Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):547-554.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : In order to clarify the role of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in recurrent abdominal pain, we investigated prospectively the effect of eradication of H. pylori based on symptom improvement in children with recurrent abdominal pain. Methods : Children with recurrent abdominal pain were evaluated with diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to rule out peptic ulcer disease, etc. During endoscopy, biopsies were...
A Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors of Renal Involvement in Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura
Min Jee Jeoung, Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):405-411.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : Long-term prognosis of Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is determined by the existence and severity of renal involvement. We evaluated the relationship between various clinical features of HSP and the development of renal involvement using univariate and multivariate analyses for early detection and proper management of HSP nephritis. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 200 children who were diagnosed...
Henoch-Scholein Purpura Presenting with Acute Abdominal Pain Preceding Skin Rash : Review of 23 Cases
Ju Young Chang, Yong Joo Kim, Kyo Sun Kim, Hee-Ju Kim, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):576-584.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : For the early diagnosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) presenting with acute abdominal pain preceding skin rash. Methods : The clinical, endoscopic and radiological records of 23 cases of HSP, presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms preceding skin rash were reviewed. Results : The intervals from the onset of abdominal pain to the development of the skin rash were one day to 30 days(median...
Case Report
A Case of Primary Epiploic Appendagitis
Tae Young Ha, Chi Kwan Kim, Jin Young Jeong, Jong Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(8):1024-1027.   Published online August 15, 2002
Epiploic appendages are small, 0.5-5 cm long, peritoneal pouches containing small vessels and fat, located on the serous surface of the colon, from the cecum to the rectosigmoid junction. Pathologic states are rare in these appendages, the most frequent being is infarction either due to torsion or spontaneous. As a result of subsequent inflammatory reaction, the condition has been termed...
Original Article
Red Blood Cell Indices, Serum Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Soo Joon Park, Chang Han Lee, Ki Sup Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(6):755-762.   Published online June 15, 2000
Purpose : H. pylori infection was recently reported to be associated with unexplained iron-deficiency anemia(IDA) in children and adolescents. H. pylori-related IDA was thought to occur due to GI blood loss, scavenging of iron by H. pylori and iron malabsorption. The aim of this study was to examine how the status of H. pylori infection and age of children affected...
Case Report
A Case of Extrapelvic Endometriosis with Abdominal Pain in a 13-Year-Old Girl
Sung Pil Jang, Yong Dae Ham, Jin Hwa Jung, Jeong Ho Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(10):1467-1470.   Published online October 15, 1999
Original Article
Relationship of Recurrent Abdominal Pain Syndrome and Gastric Emptying Time
Eui Jun Yang, Jae Hong Park, In Ju Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(11):1538-1548.   Published online November 15, 1998
Purpose : Recurrent abdominal pain syndrome(RAPS) is not uncommon in school-aged children, but the etiology and pathogenesis are not understood well. But recent studies suggest that motility disorder makes up a majority of the pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate gastric emptying time(GET) which is a method to evaluate gastrointestinal motility in patients with recurrent abdominal pain...
Colonic Transit Time in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Je Woo Kim, Ki Sup Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(11):1544-1551.   Published online November 15, 1997
Purpose : Recurrent abdominal pain is defined as the presence of at least three discrete episodes of pain occurring over a period of 3 or more months. The reported prevalence is high up to 15% of school aged children. Mostly the pain results from functional dysmotility of the intestine but not much studies has been done. Thus we studied segmental colonic transit time(CTT)...
Case Report
Ectopic Pancreas of Stomach in a Child with Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Hyun Chul Bae, Je Woo Kim, Ki Sup Chung, Dong Hwan Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(8):1178-1182.   Published online August 15, 1997
Ectopic pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly defined by the presence of pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomic and vascular continuity with the main body of the pancreas. A 11-year-old girl was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine with the history of recurrent abdominal pain for 2 years. We performed fiberoptic endoscopy which showed a 1.5¡¿1.5cm sized polypoid mass, and...
Original Article
Clinical Manifestations of Recurrent Abdominal Pain May Differ with Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children
Nam Seon Beck, I-Seok Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(7):965-973.   Published online July 15, 1997
Purpose : The role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of recurrent abdominal pain in children is uncertain. In order to find a correlation between H. pylori infection and recurrent abdominal pain in children, the present study was designed to compare the clinical manifestations between recurrent abdominal pain children with and without H. pylori infection and to investigate the effects of H. pylori eradication...
Recurrent Abdominal Pains:A Field Survey of 1,783 School Children in Seoul
Yong Hwan Cho, Byung Duk Seo, Yong Joo Kim, Nam Su Kim, Hahng Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(2):199-208.   Published online February 15, 1997
Purpose : We investigated the occurrence rate of recurrent abdominal pain(RAP) in general population of elementary school children, accompanied symptoms, symptomaggravating factors such as emotional stresses, food and personality characters, which time of day the pain develops and whether they visited hospital for RAP. Methods : From 1995. 4. 27. to 1995. 5. 12. questionnaires were given to the parents of 1,783...
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Various Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children with Abdominal Complaint
Hyun Young Kim, Ki Sup Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(3):361-369.   Published online March 15, 1996
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to research the incidence of H. pylori infection in children with upper gastrointestinal complaints according to age, sex, and diseases diagnosed by endoscopy. This study was also aimed at evaluating the usefullness of diagnostic methods, and to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Methods : Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric mucosal biopsy were performed...
A Clinical Evaluation of the Gastrofiberscopy Studies in Children
Jung Ah Park, Young Ho Ahn, Jin Bok Hwang, Chang Ho Han, Hai Lee Chung, Young Dae Kwon, Jae Bok Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(11):1498-1505.   Published online November 15, 1995
Purpose : This study aimed to provide, as basic material, the experience of gastrofiberscopy in children and the clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection in pediatric gastrointestinal disease. Methods : The objects were 99 patients(male 49, female 50) who underwent gastrofiberscopic examination in case of endoscopic indication at department of pediatrics of Taegu Hyosung Catholic University Hospital from March 1993...
Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children: Endoscopic Findings and Helicobacter pylori Infection
Cheol Ho Chang, Churl Young Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(1):47-53.   Published online January 15, 1995
Purpose : Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children is similar to nonulcer dyspepsia of adult. Recently, microscopic inflammation and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection have been suggested as possible causes of nonulcer dyspepsia in adults. The aim was to know the clinical significance of encoscopic findings and H. pylori infection in children with RAP. Methods : 128 children with RAP underwent...
Gastrofiberscopic Findings and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Jeong Kee Seo, Je Geun Chi, Eui Chong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(12):1646-1656.   Published online December 15, 1992
Gastrofiberscopic findings and the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) were studied prospectively in children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP). Endoscopic findings in 707 children with RAP revealed that 243 children (34.3%) showed abnormal findings including gastritis in 16.9%, duodenitis in 10.4%, esophagitis in 5.7%, duodenal ulcer in 5.7%, and gastric ulcer in 1.1% of children with RAP. Endoscopic biopsy of...
Upper Gastrointestinal Fiberoptic Endoscopy in Children.
Dong Hyup Lee, Chong Woo Bae, Yong Mook Choi, Chang Il Ahn, Young Il Min
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1987;30(8):868-873.   Published online August 31, 1987
We observed 63 cases ranging in age from 3 years to 15 years seen by gastrofibroscopy in Dept, of Int. Med. and Dept, of Ped. of Kyung hee Univ. Hospital from January 1980 to December 1985 and following results were obtained 1) The male to female ratio was about 1:1.17. The frequency of the age distribution was 1.6% below 5 years, 25.4% in 6-10 years...
Case Report
Intermittent Hydronephrosis.
Hong Kun Kim, Woo Gill Lee, Soo Jee Moon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1987;30(7):805-811.   Published online July 31, 1987
Episodic flank or abdominal pain with or without nausea and vomiting is most common manifesta- tion of intermittent hydronephrosis. Between episodes of pain, the patient may be asymptomaitc and intravenous urogram usually will be normal. This condition is diagnosed by intravenous urogram or ultrasonogram taken either during episodes of pain or after hydronephrosis precipitated by use of duretics or ingestion of alcoholic beverage, particulary...