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Original Article
The evaluation of risk for aspiration using lipid-laden macrophage index in infants with bronchiolitis
Ji Yeon Koh, Hee Kang, Ju Young Chung, Tae Hee Han, Chang Keun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):763-768.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : We investigated the risk of aspiration using the lipid-laden macrophage index(LLMI) from laryngeal lavages in infants with bronchiolitis. Methods : Laryngeal lavages from 22 infants with acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) were evaluated during the acute stage. Repeat studies were performed at 3 to 4 weeks after the initial study(remission stage). Lavage cell counts and differentials were...
Database study for clinical guidelines of children with pneumonia who visited an emergency department
Dae Young Hong, Kyung Mi Lee, Ji Hye Kim, Jun Sig Kim, Seung Baik Han, Dae-Hyun Lim, Byoung Kwan Son, Hun Jae Lee, Kyung-Hee Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):757-762.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : Pneumonia is one of the most common infections in children who visit emergency departments(ED), but standard clinical guidelines for children with pneumonia in Korea have not been studied. This study was performed to collect and evaluate a data-base of children with pneumonia for establishing clinical guidelines in ED. Methods : This study reviewed 304 children who were diagnosed...
A study for headaches and backaches occurrence after diagnostic lumbar puncture in children
In Young Choi, Kyong Yun Park, Young Taek Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):751-756.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : Our goals were to determine the frequency of headaches and backaches occurring as a side effect following lumbar puncture in children, and to investigate various factors that might influence the frequency of headaches and backaches. Methods : From October 2004 to February 2006, we enrolled 148 patients aged 2 to 15 years who received diagnostic lumbar puncture at the...
Utility of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) according to sampling time in CSF and stool specimens from patient with aseptic meningitis
Myo Jing Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Jung Mi Choi, Soo Jin Jung, Jae Won Huh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):745-750.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis in patients of all ages. A definite diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis can be established by detection of virus directly in CSF specimens. But this is time-consuming and lacks sensitivity, so polymerase chain reaction(PCR) detecting of viral RNA in patient specimens such as CSF, stool has been demonstrated. But little...
Diagnostic limitation and usefulness of 99mTc-DISIDA hepatobiliary scanning on neonatal cholestasis
Jung Mi Kim, Byung-Ho Choi, You Cheol Jang, Ki Won Oh, Min Hyun Cho, Kyung Hee Lee, Jin-Young Park, Heng Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):737-744.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : To assess the usefulness of 99mTc-DISIDA scanning in the early evaluation of neonatal cholestasis and to verify the diagnostic value of this test in the differential diagnosis of biliary atresia. Methods : DISIDA scannings were performed and analyzed in 87 children(58 males and 29 females; age, 18-139 days, mean, 59.1 days) with neonatal cholestasis. Five groups according to the...
Evaluation of diagnostic methods in children with nonpalpable undescended testis
Noh Sung Seok, Hong Jin Suh, Dong Hwan Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):732-736.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : Numerous methods exist for diagnosing nonpalpable testis in treatment of cryptochidism. However, there is no clinically established data for the rational diagnostic tool of nonpalpable testis in terms of expenses. We tried to establish a current conventional diagnostic course of nonpalpable testis. We then evaluated the efficacy of ultrasonography, physical examination under general anesthesia and laparoscopy for diagnosing...
The efficacy of optimal doses of intramuscular ketamine and midazolam injections for procedural sedation in laceration repair of children
Je Sung You, Young Soon Cho, Young Hwan Choi, Seung Hwan Kim, Hahn Shick Lee, Jin Hee Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):726-731.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : We reported previously that intramuscular ketamine with adjunctive midazolam is more effective than ketamine alone in pediatric procedural sedation, but with limited satisfactory sedation by suboptimal ketamine dose. The optimal dose of intramuscular ketamine in children has never been studied in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and adverse events of ketamine 4mg/kg with adjunctive midazolam...
Review Article
Update in the etiology and treatment of sexual precocity
Mi Jung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):718-725.   Published online July 15, 2006
The pubertal activation of gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH) requires coordinated changes in excitatory or inhibitory amino acids, growth factors, and a group of transcriptional regulators. The age of onset of puberty is progressing to younger age. Factors affecting early puberty include genetic traits, nutrition(body fat) and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. In rapidly progressing central precocious puberty, gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH) agonists(GnRHa)...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Jin Soon Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):710-717.   Published online July 15, 2006
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has been increasing for last 10 years. The increase in frequency of type 2 diabetes appears to parallel the increase in prevalence and severity of obesity in children and adolescents. The metabolic syndrome, cluster of potent risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, consists of insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension...
Current use of growth hormone in children
Choong Ho Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):703-709.   Published online July 15, 2006
Since the advent of growth hormone(GH), children with a wide variety of growth disorders have received GH treatment. In GH deficiency(GHD), Turner syndrome, chronic renal failure, children born small for gestational age, Prader-Willi syndrome, and idiopathic short stature, the therapeutic effects and safety profile of GH are reviewed. GH therapy has been clearly shown to improve height velocity and final...
Case Report
A case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Do Gyun Kim, Young Ok Kim, Young Jong Woo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):696-699.   Published online June 15, 2006
소아에서 드물게 보고되는 토로사-헌트 증후군은 둔하면서 지속적인 안와 주위의 통증과 안구운동 장애 및 해면동 주위의 뇌신경 침범을 특징으로 하는 질환으로 비특이적 염증조직에 기인한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이는 자연 치유도 가능하나 대개 스테로이드가 증상의 회복에 효과적이며 신속한 호전을 유도한다. 토로사-헌트 증후군은 그 예후가 양호하다고 알려져 있으나 일부는 치료 후에 재발하기도 한다. 우리는 토로사-헌트 증후군으로 진단받고 스테로이드 치료 후 특별한 휴우증 없이...
A case of recurrent hepatoblastoma : lung, heart and brain metastasis
Sun Mi Park, Byung Kyu Choe, Yeo Hyang Kim, Heung Sik Kim, Tae Chan Kwon, Hee Jung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):691-695.   Published online June 15, 2006
Hepatoblastoma is a hepatic tumor predominantly occurring in children. The usual site of metastasis is the lung. There are only several reports worldwide on the distant metastasis of hepatoblastoma to the central nervous system in children. Only one reported case showed survival of a patient after multiple resections of a recurrent brain lesion. Involvement of the cardiovascular system has been...
Original Article
Umbilical venous line-related pleural and pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade in a premature neonate : A case report
Eun Jeong Hong, Kyung A Lee, Il-Heon Bae, Mi-Jung Kim, Heon-Seok Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):686-690.   Published online June 15, 2006
Cardiac tamponade with pleural and pericardial effusion is a rare but life-threatening complication of umbilical venous catheterization in the newborn. It requires a timely diagnosis and urgent treatment, such as pericardiocentesis, to save lives of affected patients. Recently, we experienced a 7 day-old, very low birth weight infant, who developed a cardiac tamponade with pleural and pericardial effusions complicated by...
Effect of maternal thyroxine treatment on the offspring's brain development with fetal alcohol effects in the rats
Jin Fu, Yoon Young Chung, Sang Kee Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):677-685.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : This study aimed to investigate whether exogenous thyroxine(T4) treatment to alcohol-fed dams would ameliorate the detrimental effects of alcohol on the postnatal development of neuropeptide-Y(NPY)-containing neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring. Methods : Time-pregnant rats were divided into three groups. An alcohol-fed group A received 35 calories of liquid alcohol diet daily from gestation day...
Clinical significance of follow-up laboratory tests, performed at 6 weeks after the onset of Kawasaki disease
Il Ji Oh, Kyung Hee Moon, Myung Eun Hong, Yeon Soon Kim, Chang Woo Lee, Hyang Suk Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):672-676.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : Low dose aspirin is used due to its antiplatelet effect for the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease(KD). It is usually used for 6-8 weeks, then various hematologic laboratory tests and follow up echocardiography for evaluating coronary abnormalities are performed. Our review investigated the usefulness of various follow up laboratory tests performed at 6 weeks after the onset of...
Effects of growth hormone treatment on glucose metabolism in idiopathic short stature
Seung Yeon Kwon, Duk-Hee Kim, Ho-Seong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):665-671.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : To study the effects of growth hormone(GH) treatment on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in children with idiopathic short stature(ISS). Methods : Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after GH treatment(0.6-0.7 IU/kg/week) in 20 patients with ISS. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment(HOMA). Results : During OGTT, the mean...
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of status epilepticus as an initial seizure in children
Mi Jeong Kim, Young Ok Kim, Sun Hee Kim, Woo Yeon Choi, Hyung Suk Byun, Chan Jong Kim, Young Jong Woo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):659-664.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of children with status epilepticus(SE) as an initial seizure and to compare these according to age groups. Methods : The 78 cases(38 cases <2 years and 38 cases ≥2 years) with SE as an initial seizure admitted to the Chonnam national university hospital from Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2004 were reviewed. Developmental profiles,...
Voiding cystourethrography in children with an initial episode of febrile urinary tract infection
Hae Jeong Lee, Won Deok Lee, Hyun Seok Kim, Tae Hong Kim, Joo Seok Lee, Kyung Lae Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):653-658.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : Because voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) is an invasive method, we studied whether VCUG could be postponed through evaluation of alternative non-invasive tests including renal ultrasonography and 99mTc-DMSA renal scan. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 175 patients initially diagnosed with febrile urinary tract infection during the one year period of 1999, and compared 3-tests : renal ultrasongraphy, 99mTc-DMSA renal...
Necessity of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan in infants with low grade vesicoureteral feflux
Ji Yeon Koh, Ja Wook Koo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):648-652.   Published online June 15, 2006
Objective : 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan is considered to be the most sensitive examination for detection of renal scars. However, because of its high radiation exposure to the kidney and its limited usefulness for patients with low grade vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), some authors have suggested that DMSA scans should be reserved primarily for children with VUR grade 3 and above. The aim...
Correlation of inhalant MAST on chronically coughing children
Jung Min Yun, Eui Jung Roh, Jae Woo Lim, Eun Jung Choen, Kyoung Og Ko, Young Hyuk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):643-647.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : Recently, incidences of chronic cough with allergic disease have been increased. The identification of specific allergens for chronically coughing children is significant for diagnosis, proper treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to identify significant contributors for sensitization in chronically coughing children. Methods : A total of 106 children, aged 1-6 years, visiting for chronic cough(>3 weeks),...
Early and mid-term results of pulmonary valve reconstruction in surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot; comparison with other techniques of right ventricular outflow reconstruction
Sheng Wen Wang, Young Seok Lee, Si Ho Kim, Tae Hong Kim, Ji Eun Ban, Hyoung Doo Lee, Yun Hee Chang, Si Chan Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):635-642.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine whether the new pulmonary valve reconstruction technique prevents short-term postoperative pulmonary regurgitation and improves early and mid-term clinical outcome. Methods : We reviewed postoperative echocardiographic variables and chest X-ray films from 31 patients who had undergone valve reconstruction(pulmonary valve reconstruction group : PVR) for the repair of TOF between April 2000...
A study of the current(2003-2005) prevalence of anti-HBs and immunologic memory of hepatitis B vaccine in children from the central area of Korea
Young Won An, Eun Hee Chung, Insoo Rheem
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):630-634.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the current(2003-2005) prevalence of anti-HBs and immunologic memory for Hepatitis B vaccine in children from the central area of Korea. Methods : Subjects were chosen from children and adolescents who received tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and anti-HBs at Dankook University Hospital from March 2003 to May 2005. Among these, antibodies to...
Analysis of causative microorganisms and choice of antibiotics according to the onset of neonatal sepsis
June Seung Sung, Dong Yeon Kim, Sun Hee Kim, Hyung Suk Byun, Tai Ju Hwang, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):623-629.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : The mortality rate of neonatal sepsis has been decreased, however, the incidence has not significantly decreased because of increased invasive procedures. This study was designed to make guidelines for choosing antibiotics by analyzing the causative microorganisms and their antibiotics sensitivity test according to the onset of neonatal sepsis. Methods : One hundred seven cases of culture proven sepsis...
Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in obese middle school boys
Jae-Ho Jeong, Jae-Woo Lim, Eun-Jeong Cheon, Kyong-Og Ko, Young-Hyuk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):617-622.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : High-Sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) has been recognized as a very useful and sensitive predictor of the future risk of myocardial infarction. But the clinical significance of hs-CRP in children remains uncertain. To confirm the existence of obesity-induced vascular inflammation and the association between metabolic syndromes and elevation of CRP in children, we investigated the relationship among CRP, obesity, blood...
The timing of sexual maturation and secular trends of menarchial age in Korean adolescents
Mi Jung Park, In-Sook Lee, Eun-Kyung Shin, Hyojee Joung, Sung-Il Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):610-616.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the timing of sexual maturation and secular trends of menarchial age in Korean adolescents. Methods : Nine hundred eighty two school students and 119 university female students were included. Tanner's pubertal assessment method was applied using a self-assessment sheet with pictures for their developmental stages. A medical checkup database...
A survey of infant sleep positions associated with sudden infant death syndrome
Dong Jun Lee, So Ick Jang, Eun Jung Shim, Do Jun Cho, Dug Ha Kim, Ki Sik Min, Ki Yang Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):602-609.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : As the prone position is thought to be an important factor in sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS), this study was conducted to contribute to reducing SIDS by analyzing sleeping positions of infants. Methods : A face-to-face questionnaire was carried out with a total of 170 parents with a baby aged less than 6 months. Results : A total of 170 infants...
Review Article
Allergic rhinitis in children : diagnosis and treatment
Yeong-Ho Rha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):593-601.   Published online June 15, 2006
Allergic rhinitis is a common disease of childhood characterized by nasal, throat, and ocular itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion. Those affected with allergic rhinitis often suffer from associated inflammatory conditions of the mucosa, such as allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, otitis media with effusion, and other atopic conditions, such as eczema and food allergies. Allergic rhinitis must be diagnosed and treated...
Atopic dermatitis
Bok Yang Pyun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):589-592.   Published online June 15, 2006
Atopic dermatitis is estimated to affect 15-20% of the childhood population and there id considerable evidence that the prevalence is increasing. But it is frequently under diagnosed and inappropriately treated yet. Atopic dermatitis can have a large social;. emotional and financial effect on the child and their family. Atopic dermatitis also commonly predated the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis....
Update in asthma management
Hae Ran Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):581-588.   Published online June 15, 2006
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airway associated with increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of cough, wheezing, breathless, chest tightness. According the recent studies, repeated airway inflammation leads to structural changes so called ‘airway remodeling’ and associated with decreased pulmonary function. Airway remodeling begins form the early stage of asthma and the early diagnosis and management...
Case Report
A huge trichobezoar in the jejunum
Ho Kyung Lim, Young Ok Kim, Young Jong Woo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):574-576.   Published online May 15, 2006
An otherwise healthy, 8-year-old girl presented with vague abdominal pain, vomiting, and a tensely distended abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated a huge amount of jejunal material, about 10 cm long, resulting in near obstruction of the jejunum. The material was removed surgically and a postoperative pathologic report confirmed that it was a trichobezoar. A postoperative consultation with a...
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