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Review Article
Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(12):505-513.   Published online December 31, 2014

While the survival of extremely premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome has increased due to advanced respiratory care in recent years, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. NEC is more prevalent in lower gestational age and lower birth weight groups. It is characterized by various degrees of mucosal or transmural necrosis of the intestine....

Case Report
A chromosome 1q44 deletion in a 4-month-old girl; The first report in Korea
Joo Hyun Cho, Eun Song Song, Hee Na Kim, Burm Seok Oh, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(6):292-296.   Published online June 30, 2014

The deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 1 is associated with a characteristic facial appearance and a pattern of associated malformations. Characteristic manifestations include a round face with prominent 'cupid's bow' and downturned corners of the mouth, thin vermilion borders of lips, a long upper lip with a smooth philtrum, a short and broad nose, epicanthal folds, apparently...

Lung torsion after tracheoesophageal fistula repair in an infant
Eun Mi Yang, Eun Song Song, Hae in Jang, In Seok Jeong, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(4):186-190.   Published online April 22, 2013

Lung torsion is a very rare event that has been reported in only 9 cases in the pediatric literature but has not yet been reported in Korean infants. We present a case of lung torsion after tracheoesophageal fistula repair in an infant. Bloody secretion from the endotracheal tube and chest radiographs and computed tomographic scan results indicated lung torsion. Emergency...

Bloody nipple discharge in an infant
Ji Yeon Seo, Sang Jeong Kim, Soon Joo Lee, Eun Song Song, Young Jong Woo, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(10):917-920.   Published online October 31, 2010

Although milky nipple discharge appears frequently in infants, bloody nipple discharge is a very rare finding. We experienced a 4-month-old, breast-fed infant who showed bilateral bloody nipple discharge with no signs of infection, engorgement, or hypertrophy. The infant's hormonal examination and coagulation tests were normal, and an ultrasound examination revealed mammary duct ectasia. The symptoms resolved spontaneously within 6 weeks...

A case of mosaic ring chromosome 13 syndrome
Soo Young Kim, Soo Min O, Mi Jeong Kim, Eun Song Song, Young Ok Kim, Young Youn Choi, Young Jong Woo, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):242-246.   Published online February 15, 2009
The clinical features of ring chromosome 13 include mental and growth retardation, CNS anomalies, facial dysmorphism, cardiac defects, genital malformations, limb anomalies, skeletal deformities and anal malformations. Although many cases of ring chromosome 13 have been reported worldwide, only 6 cases have been reported in Korea, and the latter cases were not mosaic but pure ring chromosome 13. Here we...
The clinical phenotype of the derivative (8)t(7;8)(q22;p23.3) in two siblings
Young Ok Kim, Young Kuk Cho, En Song Song, Dong Kyun Han, Ic Sun Choi, Hee Jo Baek, Chan Jong Kim, Young Jong Woo, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(11):1241-1244.   Published online November 15, 2008
We report on 2 siblings with a partial trisomy of 7q (7q22→qter) and concomitant partial monosomy of 8p (8p23.3→pter), which were shown by FISH using probes located at the telomere region of each chromosome. All the balanced translocation carriers (father and a sister) in this family had a normal phenotype. The 2 siblings with the same abnormal karyotype had similar...
Congenital hernia of the lung through the azygoesophageal recess
Young Seok Choi, Young Jun Son, Si Young Bae, Kyung Sun Min, Young Kuk Cho, Woo Yeon Choi, Young Youn Choi, Jae Sook Ma, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1123-1126.   Published online October 15, 2008
A lung hernia, defined as the protrusion of pulmonary tissue and pleural membranes through a defect in the thoracic wall, is a rare event. It can be congenital or acquired, and cervical, thoracic, or diaphragmatic in location. We report the rare occurrence of a congenital atraumatic lung herniation through the azygoesophageal recess. An 8-month-old male infant, who was born...
A case of subcutaneous paragonimiasis presented with pleural effusion
Soo Young Kim, Sun Ju Park, Si Young Bae, Young Kuk Cho, Chan Jong Kim, Young Jong Woo, Young Youn Choi, Jae Sook Ma, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):760-765.   Published online July 15, 2008
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic infection that occurs following the ingestion of infectious Paragonimus metacercariae from crabs or crayfish. Pulmonary paragonimiasis is the most common clinical manifestation of this infection, but several ectopic paragonimiasis cases have also been reported. Among them, cases of subcutaneous paragonimiasis are rare, especially in children. We report a case of subcutaneous paragonimiasis of the right abdominal...
Costello syndrome: three sporadic cases
Ji Youn Kim, Mi Jeong Kim, Eun Song Song, Young Kuk Cho, Young Youn Choi, Jae Sook Ma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(10):1024-1029.   Published online October 15, 2007
Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare multiple congenital abnormality syndrome characterized by a typical coarse face, developmental delay, psychomotor and growth retardation, neurologic abnormalities, cardiac and cutaneous anomalies, severe feeding difficulties with postnatal growth failure, and increased risk of tumors. Since Costello first described it in 1971 and again in 1977, over 100 cases have been reported worldwide. It was...
Original Article
Fluconazole prophylaxis in high-risk, very low birth weight infants
Soo Young Kim, Soon Joo Lee, Mi Jeong Kim, Eun Song Song, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):636-642.   Published online July 15, 2007
Purpose : Fluconazole prophylaxis for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants has been shown to reduce invasive fungal infection and its mortality. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fluconazole prophylaxis in VLBW infants on the incidence and mortality of fungal infection. Methods : VLBW infants with endotracheal intubation and central vascular access admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care...
Frequency and clinical characteristics of prenatally diagnosed congenital hydronephrosis and outcomes of ureteropelvic junction stenosis
Hyun Soo Kang, June Seung Sung, Sun Hui Kim, Hee Jo Back, Young Ok Kim, Chan Jong Kim, Young Youn Choi, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):870-874.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : Popular use of fetal ultrasonography has increased to detect congenital hydronephrosis(CH) which is the most common anomaly prenatally detected. We'd like to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of prenatally diagnosed CH and outcome of ureteropelvic junction stenosis(UPJS). Methods : The records of births between January 1994 and June 2003 in Chonnam National University Hospital(CNUH), and the records of...
Analysis of causative microorganisms and choice of antibiotics according to the onset of neonatal sepsis
June Seung Sung, Dong Yeon Kim, Sun Hee Kim, Hyung Suk Byun, Tai Ju Hwang, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):623-629.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : The mortality rate of neonatal sepsis has been decreased, however, the incidence has not significantly decreased because of increased invasive procedures. This study was designed to make guidelines for choosing antibiotics by analyzing the causative microorganisms and their antibiotics sensitivity test according to the onset of neonatal sepsis. Methods : One hundred seven cases of culture proven sepsis...
Clinical Use and Complications of Percutaneous Central Venous Catheterization in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Hyang Kim, Sun Hui Kim, Hyung Suck Byun, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):953-959.   Published online September 15, 2005
Purpose : The administration of total parenteral nutrition(TPN) has become a standard procedure in the management of nutritionally deprived and critically low birth weight neonates. Sepsis remains the most frequent serious complication during TPN, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of percutaneous central venous catheterization(PCVC) in...
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Colonization in Neonates
Hwa Yun Lee, Gi Hwan Kim, Jin Su Choi, Sun Hee Kim, Young Youn Choi, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):946-952.   Published online September 15, 2005
Purpose : Vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE) are now nosocomial pathogens in Korea. But little is known about the prevalence of stool colonization with VRE in neonates in Korea. So we studied the prevalence and risk factors of VRE colonization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU). Methods : From January 2000 to December 2004, the medical records of 294 neonates(127 cases of VRE group...
Case Report
A Case of Meconium Peritonitis Accompanied with Hydrocele
Hoi Kyung Yoon, Ha Young Roh, Jin Hwa Kook, Young Youn Choi, Sang Young Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):448-452.   Published online April 15, 2004
Meconium peritonitis is a rare disease in neonates, characterized by intraperitoneal calcification, numerous fibrosis with or without pseudocyst formation due to antenatal extravasation of meconium. Meconium peritonitis may result in a number of genital manifestations, including inguinal and scrotal or labial hydrocele containing meconium or calcifications. Recently, increased numbers of fetuses with meconium peritonitis have been prenatally diagnosed by ultrasonography....
A Case of Labial Adhesion
Ha Young Roh, Chan Kyun Oh, Kyung Ran Son, Jin Hwa Kook, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(12):1271-12736.   Published online December 15, 2003
Labial adhesions are postnatal fusion of the labia minora in the midline of varying degrees. They are postulated to be the result of low estrogen levels in the prepubertal child and possibly of a chronic inflammatory process. Topical treatment with conjugated estrogens has been the mainstay of therapy. We experienced one case of labial adhesion in an infant who was...
Original Article
Changes in Incidence, Survival Rate and Morbidity of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Young Ok Kim, Sun Hui Kim, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi, Jin Hwa Kook, Tae Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(8):769-776.   Published online August 15, 2003
Purpose : The survival rate of very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) has improved by virtue of specialized neonatal care. This study was performed to analyze the changes in incidence, survival rate and morbidity of VLBWI who admitted to Chonnam National University Hospital from 1996 to 2001. Methods : We enrolled 565 VLBWI, and compared the incidence and the survival rate according...
Case Report
A Case of Trisomy 9 Mosaicism
Young Ok Kim, Chun Hak Park, Ic Sun Choi, Hyun Jung Kim, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):597-601.   Published online June 15, 2003
Trisomy 9 mosaic syndrome is a rarely reported chromosomal abnormality with high incidence of intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal death. Even a baby lives, he has severe mental retardation and significant malformations. The incidence and severity of malformations and mental retardation correlate with the percentage of trisomic cells in the different tissues. The characteristic craniofacial abnormalitis are narrow bifrontal diameter,...
Original Article
Effects of Single Fetal Death on Mother and Live Co-twin in Twin Pregnancy
So Youn Kim, Hae Yul Chung, Hee Jo Back, Ic Sun Choi, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(12):1512-1518.   Published online December 15, 2002
Purpose : Twins have a higher mortality and morbidity than singletons. Co-twin with one fetal death is particularly at risk. We investigated the neonatal outcome of live co-twins when one fetus had died after the 20th gestational week, and associated risk factors. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in fifteen cases of twin pregnancy with single intrauterine fetal deaths...
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Candida Sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Ic Sun Choi, Suk Hwan Lim, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(7):836-846.   Published online July 15, 2002
Purpose : With the development of neonatal intensive care and the increased use of systemic antibiotics, candida sepsis has become one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and its associated risk factors. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 28 cases with candida sepsis who...
Nosocomial Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Hye Jung Kwon, So Youn Kim, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi, Jong Hee Shin, Soon Pal Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(6):719-726.   Published online June 15, 2002
Purpose : Neonates in neonatal intensive care units(NICU) have a high risk of acquiring nosocomial infection because of their impaired host defence mechanism and invasive procedures. Nosocomial infection result in considerable morbidity and mortality among neonates. This study was carried out to survey both the epidemiology of nosocomial infection in our NICU and the annual trends of pathogens. Methods : We...
The Clinical and Prognostic Survey of The Preterm Infants Delivered from Pregnancy-induced Hypertension Mothers
Seoung Pyo Han, Sang Kee Park, Chang Hoon Song, Jong Park, Kyoung Sim Kim, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(1):64-71.   Published online January 15, 2002
Purpose : This study was undertaken to review the clinical and hematologic findings of the preterm infants delivered from pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH) mothers. Methods : The data were collected by reviewing the medical records on the current prognosis of preterm birth and sending questionnaires on the status of NICU. We reviewed the medical records from two university hospitals and two resident training hospitals in...
Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 15 Months of Corrected Age in Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Chronic Lung Disease
Seon Young Kim, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(10):1112-1118.   Published online October 15, 2001
Purpose : This study was performed to compare the growth and neurodevelopmental outcome at 15 months of corrected age in very-low-birth weight infants between chronic lung disease(CLD) group and the control group. Methods : Very-low-birth-weight infants who were admitted and survived in the NICU(neonatal intensive care units) of Chonnam Univeristy Hospital from Jan. 1997 to Jan. 2000 were divided into...
A Study on the Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Outcome by Cranial Ultrasound in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants
Ji Young Rha, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(8):1037-1045.   Published online August 15, 2000
Purpose : Recent progress in neonatal medicine increased the survival of preterm low birth weight infants. However, neurodevelopmental sequelae are ever increasing. We carried out this study to determine whether serial cranial ultrasonographic findings could predict neurodevelopmental outcome. Methods : Four hundred and forty-one preterm low birth weight infants, who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Chonnam University...
Effect of Dexamethasone on Preventing the Laryngeal Edema Following Extubation in Neonates
Joon Sung Kim, Young Youn Choi, Jae Sook Ma, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(9):1180-1187.   Published online September 15, 1998
Purpose : We performed this study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of dexamethasone in preventing laryngeal edema following exubation. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 100 neonates who underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Subjects were divided into two groups; dexamethasone treated(60 cases, dexamethasone group) and non-treated(40 cases, control group). We examined the underlying diseases of...
Case Report
Two Cases of Wolman's in Siblings
Joon Sung Kim, Tai Huyng Cho, Hoon Kook, Seung Hee Choi, Young Youn Choi, Chang Soo Park, Heoung Keun Kang, Dong Kyu Jin, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(4):529-537.   Published online April 15, 1998
Wolman' disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which a deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase leads to the accumulation of cholesteryl esters and trigycerides in most of the body tissues. Clinically, it is characterized by abdominal distention, hepatosplenomegaly, vomiting, intractable diarrgeam steatorrhea, malabsorption, inanitionm failure to thrive, and bilateral enlargement and calcification of the adrenal glands demonstrated by roentgenographic...
Original Article
Effect of Simultaneous Administration of Hepatitis B Vaccine with DPT and Oral Polio Vaccine
Hyo Geun Ju, Young Youn Choi, Jae Sook Ma, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(4):451-455.   Published online April 15, 1998
Purpose : The universal vaccination against hepatitis B during early infancy is the only effective way to control hepatitis B infection in highly endemic areas in Korea. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of simultaneous hepatitis B vaccination with DPT and oral polio at 2, 4, 6 months of age in babies of HBs antigen negative mothers. Methods : One...
A Clinical Study on BCG Lymphadenitis
Jin Soo Hwang, Young Youn Choi, Jae Sook Ma, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(5):614-619.   Published online May 15, 1997
Purpose : We studied the incidence and clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis to investigate the BCG related problem. Subject and Methods: Three hundred and eighty-six infants received BCG vaccine (Pasteur-1173p2) in the Well Baby Clinic, Dept. of Pediatrics, Chonnam University Hospital from May 1993 and April 1994. Among them, twenty three infants developed regional lymphadenitis. We investigated the clinical course...
Reappraisal of the Efficacy of Measles Vaccination
Sung Ho Cho, Hyo Geun Ju, Chang Hee Cho, Young Youn Choi, Jae Suk Ma, Tae Joo Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(12):1700-1706.   Published online December 15, 1996
Purpose : Measles is one of the most highly communicable infectious disease, but has become a rare disease with the widespread use of vaccine. Recently, however, resurgence of the disease in school aged or adolescents who had received the vaccine before or at the 15 month warrants reappraisal of the efficacy of the vaccination. The purpose of this study was...
Case Report
A Case of Sotos Syndrome -Cerebral Gigantism-
In Seok Kim, Joon Hee Kim, Young Youn Choi, Jae Sook Ma, Tai Joo Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(5):725-729.   Published online May 15, 1995
Sotos syndrome, cerebral gigantism, is a rare disorder characterized by early onset of excessive growth, distinctive dysmorphic head and facial feature, advanced bone development, and nonprogressive mental retardation without evidence of endocrine disorder. We experienced a case of Sotos syndrome in a two year and four month old boy, who was t hought a fragile-X syndrome at 6 months of age. A...