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Review Article
Brain death and organ transplantation
Sang-Ook Nam
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):856-861.   Published online August 15, 2009
Cardiopulmonary arrest has long been accepted as an unquestionable definition of death. An advent of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and artificial ventilation along with the development of organ transplantation has prompted the emergence of the concept of brain death. The criteria for brain death are based mainly on the clinical examination of coma, apnea and total loss of brain stem function. Although organ transplantation by...
Case Report
Facial palsy as the presenting symptom of acute myeloid leukemia in children: Three cases with stem cell transplantatio
Hee Jo Baek, Dong Kyun Han, Young Ok Kim, Ic Sun Choi, Tai Ju Hwang, Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):713-716.   Published online June 15, 2009
Facial palsy as the presenting symptom of leukemia is very rare, especially in acute myeloid leukemia. A review of the medical literature identified reports on 8 children with AML who had facial paralysis as the presenting sign. Whole brain irradiation (WBI) has been applied in most cases. We present the cases of 3 such children. Achieving a remission without WBI,...
Original Article
Low T3 syndrome in Kawasaki disease: Relation to serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and NT-proBNP
Hye Kyung Cho, Jin A Sohn, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):234-241.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : We investigated the relationship between thyroid hormone and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6) and N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods : Serum levels of thyroid hormone, TNF-α, IL-6, and NT-proBNP were measured in 52 KD patients in the acute and subacute phase and 10 patients with acute...
Case Report
Changes in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in a neonate with symptomatic isolated left ventricular noncompaction
Ji Hyeun Song, Yeo Hyang Kim, Chun Soo Kim, Sang Lak Lee, Tae Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):129-132.   Published online January 15, 2009
We describe here our experience with a neonate presenting with cyanosis, grunting, and cardiomegaly, who was diagnosed with isolated left ventricular noncompaction (IVNC) by echocardiography. The patient had high levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP) and symptoms of heart failure including poor feeding and tachypnea. During the period in which NT pro-BNP levels steadily increased, the patient suffered...
Original Article
The effect of erythropoietin in neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Heng-Mi Kim, Byung-Ho Choe, Soon-Hak Kwon, Yoon-Kyung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):105-110.   Published online January 15, 2009
Purpose : Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal mortality and subsequent lifelong neurodevelopmental handicaps. Although many treatment strategies have been tested, there is currently no clinically effective treatment to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia and ischemia in humans. Erythropoietin (Epo) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in various brain injury models although the exact...
The significance of corpus callosal size in the estimation of neurologically abnormal infants
Seung Taek Yu, Chang Woo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(11):1205-1210.   Published online November 15, 2008
Purpose : The development of the corpus callosum occupies the entire period of cerebral formation. The myelination pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very useful to evaluate neurologic development and to predict neurologic outcome in high risk infants. The thickness of the corpus callosum is believed to depend on the myelination process. It is possible to calculate the length...
Injury of neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal slice culture
David Chanwook Chung, Kyung Sik Hong, Jihui Kang, Young Pyo Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1112-1117.   Published online October 15, 2008
Purpose : We intended to observe cell death and apoptotic changes in neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), using propidium iodide (PI) uptake, Fluoro-Jade (FJ) staining, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescent staining for caspase-3. Methods : The hippocampus of 7-day-old rats was cut into 350 µm slices. The slices were cultured for 10 d (date in vitro, DIV...
Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol via anti-apoptosis on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats
Jin Young Shin, Min Ae Seo, Eun Jin Choi, Jin Kyung Kim, Eok Su Seo, Jun Hwa Lee, Hai Lee Chung, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1102-1111.   Published online October 15, 2008
Purpose : Resveratrol, extracted from red wine and grapes, has an anti-cancer effect, an antiinflammatory effect, and an antioxidative effect mainly in heart disease and also has neuroprotective effects in the adult animal model. No studies for neuroprotective effects during the neonatal periods have been reported. Therefore, we studied the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal...
Periventricular leukomalacia induced by in utero clamping of pregnant rat aorta in fetal rats
Yun Sil Chang, Dong Kyung Sung, Saem Kang, Soo Kyung Park, Yu Jin Jung, Hyun Joo Seo, Seo Heui Choi, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):874-878.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : This study was undertaken to develop an animal model of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) induced by in utero clamping of pregnant rat aorta in fetal rats. Methods : A timed pregnanct Sprague-Dawley rat on embryonic day 21 just prior to delivery was sedated and anesthetized, and a Harvard ventilator for small animals was applied. Following laparotomy, the maternal aorta was...
Neuroprotective effects of geneticin (G418) via apoptosis in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Mi Ju, Hyun Ju Lee, Sun Ju Lee, Eo Su Seo, Hye Jin Park, Kye Yang Lee, Gyeong Hoon Lee, Eun Jin Choi, Jin Kyung Kim, Jong Won Lee, Hai Lee Chung, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(2):170-180.   Published online February 15, 2008
Purpose : Some antibiotics were known to exert neuroprotective effects in the animal model of hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury, but the mechanism is still unclear. A recent study reported that geneticin (G418), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, increased survival of human breast cancer cells by suppressing apoptosis. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of systemically administrated geneticin via anti-apoptosis following the H-I brain...
Factors affecting the final adult height in survivors of childhood brain tumors
Kyong-Ah Yun, Young Ah Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn, Il Han Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(1):65-73.   Published online January 15, 2007
Purpose : Short stature is an important complication that impairs the quality of life in survivors of childhood brain tumors. We studied their final adult height (FAH) to evaluate risk factors for short stature. Methods : We reviewed the medical data of 95 survivors of childhood brain tumors (64 males and 31 females) who had been followed up from 1982 to...
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) results in NICU graduates
Hee-Joung Choi, Tae-ho Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Heng-Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(12):1301-1307.   Published online December 15, 2006
Purpose : Hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects, and early detection and intervention positively impact language/speech and cognitive development. It has been reported that NICU graduates have a high incidence of hearing loss. So we investigated the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of hearing loss in NICU graduates. Methods : This study involved neonatal auditory brainstem...
Analysis of newborn hearing screening using automated auditory brainstem response
Sung Won Park, Byung Ho Yun, Kyung Ah Kim, Sun Young Ko, Yeon Kyung Lee, Son Moon Shin, Sung Hwa Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(10):1056-1060.   Published online October 15, 2006
Purpose : As hearing ability affects language and cognitive development, early detection and intervention of congenital hearing defects is very important. We analyzed the result of newborn hearing screening using automated auditory brainstem response and estimated the incidence of congenital hearing defects in newborn infants in Korea. Methods : Hearing screening tests were done on 7,218 newborn infants who were...
Incidence of hearing loss and importance of risk factors in the neonatal intensive care unit
Seung Hyun Kong, Jang Hee Kang, Kwang Su Hwang, Joong Pyo Kim, Hyeon Jung Lee, Hyeon Choi, Ji Sun Mok, Jung Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):845-850.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : To assess the incidence of neonatal hearing loss in a neonatal intensive care unit and the relative importance of risk factors for hearing imparement in a neonatal intensive care unit which the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing(JCIH) had recommended. Methods : One thousand, two hundred and one newborns admitted to the Good Moonhwa Intensive Care Unit from May...
Case Report
A case of recurrent hepatoblastoma : lung, heart and brain metastasis
Sun Mi Park, Byung Kyu Choe, Yeo Hyang Kim, Heung Sik Kim, Tae Chan Kwon, Hee Jung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):691-695.   Published online June 15, 2006
Hepatoblastoma is a hepatic tumor predominantly occurring in children. The usual site of metastasis is the lung. There are only several reports worldwide on the distant metastasis of hepatoblastoma to the central nervous system in children. Only one reported case showed survival of a patient after multiple resections of a recurrent brain lesion. Involvement of the cardiovascular system has been...
Original Article
Fas/FasL expression in the hippocampus of neonatal rat brains follwing hypoxic-ischemic injury
Young Pyo Chang, Myeung Ju Kim, Young Il Lee, Ik Je Im, Jae Ju Cho, Jong-Wan Kim, Sung Moon Yeo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):198-202.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : Fas is a cell surface receptor that transduces apoptotic death signals. Interaction of extracelluar domain of Fas with Fas ligand(FasL) triggers the apoptotic process in many diseases. We investigated the expression of Fas and FasL in the hippocampus of 7-day-old newborn rat brains following hypoxia-ischemia injury. Methods : The 7-days-old newborn rats were exposed to 8 percent oxygen...
Clinical features of children's brain tumors according to location
Seung Jeong Han, Yun Hee Kim, Young Se Kwon, Yong Hoon Jun, Soon Ki Kim, Byong Kwan Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):76-81.   Published online January 15, 2006
Purpose : This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of brain tumors in children according to their location, the parental delay and the doctor's delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of a pediatric brain tumor. In addition, this study compared the relationship between the pre-diagnostic symptomatic interval and the tumor location. Methods : A retrospective study was undertaken of...
Investigation of Automated Neonatal Hearing Screening for Early Detection of Childhood Hearing Impairment
Jeong Il Seo, Si Uk Yoo, Sung Hyeon Gong, Kwang Su Hwang, Hyeon Jung Lee, Joong Pyo Kim, Hyeon Choi, Bo Young Lee, Ji Sun Mok
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(7):706-710.   Published online July 15, 2005
Purpose : Early diagnosis of congenital hearing loss through the neonatal hearing screening test minimizes language defect. This research intends to identify frequency of congenital hearing loss in infants through neonatal hearing screening test with the aim of communicating the importance of hearing test for infants. Methods : From May 20, 2003 to May 19, 2004, infants were subjected to Automated...
Single Cell Dissociation Methods for Flow Cytometric Cell Death Analysis of Hypoxia-Ischemia Injured Newborn Rat Pup Brain
Jong Hee Hwang, Dong Kyung Sung, Chang Won Choi, Saem Kang, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park, Munhyang Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):545-550.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Newborn brain tissue has to be dissociated into a single cell suspension for flow cytometric analysis of cell death during hypoxia-ischemia. Thus the development of a method to dissociate cells from the brain tissue with least damage and maintenance of membrane and antigen integrity remains the challenge for the in vivo application of this technique. We evaluated the...
Possible Neuroprotective Role of Exogenous Growth Hormone on Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats
Young Pyo Chang, Mi Kyung Jung, Youn Hee Jee, Jae Ju Cho, Soon Bum Lee, Woo Sung Park, Jong-Wan Kim, Dong Hoon Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1210-1215.   Published online November 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of exogenous growth hormone on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Methods : After ligation of the right common carotid artery, seven-day old Sprague-Dawley rats(n= 75) were exposed to 8% oxygen for two hours. In a growth hormone(GH)-treated group(n=25), each animal was subcutanously injected by GH(50 mg/kg, Grotrpin ,...
Characteristics of Developmentally Delayed Infants and Young Children Who Demonstrated Normal Myelination by Brain MRI
Young Se Kwon, Yong Hoon Jun, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Kyoung Hee Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1081-1086.   Published online October 15, 2004
Purpose : To evaluate the clinical characteristics of infants and young children who had developmental delay without delayed myelination and dysmyelination. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 59 cases of developmental disability between July 1996 and June 2001 at Inha University Hospital. Twenty-eight patients showed normal myelination(Group I), while thirty-one patients showed delayed myelination(Group II) by brain MRI. The following clinical records...
Factors Affecting the Increments of Body Mass Index in Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors
Jae Ho Yoo, Sung Yeon Ahn, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):970-977.   Published online September 15, 2004
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the increments of body mass index(BMI) in adult survivors from childhood brain tumors. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 63 patients who were diagnosed with brain tumors and treated at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1982 and 2000. We evaluated the factors affecting adult BMI(aBMI)...
Effects of 7-Nitroindazole on Brain Cell Membrane Function and Energy Metabolism during Transient Global Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia and Reoxygenation-Reperfusion in Newborn Piglets
Chang Won Choi, Jong Hee Hwang, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(2):204-209.   Published online February 15, 2004
Purpose : Our study was undertaken to discover whether a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, influences brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism during and after transient global hypoxia-ischemia(HI) in newborn piglets. Methods : Cerebral HI was induced by temporary complete occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and simultaneous breathing with 8% oxygen for 30 minutes, followed by release...
CNS Complications in Childhood Cancer
Yoo Jin Jeong, Yeon Kyong Seo, Seung Ah Hong, Heung Sik Kim, Jun Sik Kim, Hee Jung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1112-1117.   Published online November 15, 2003
Purpose : Recent advances in the methods of treating cancer in young patients have led to both an increased frequency of CNS complications as well as prolonged life expectancy. We intend to analyze the clinical aspects and laboratory findings of patients with CNS complications during and after treatment. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 174 childhood cancer...
Neuroprotective Effects of Minocycline in Rat Brain Cortical Cell Culture Induced by Hypoxia
Kyung A Ha, Bum Seok Yang, Jin Kyung Kim, Hong Tae Kim, Sung Jin Ha, Jong Won Lee, Hai Lee Chung, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1101-1106.   Published online November 15, 2003
Purpose : In vivo, minocycline appears to be neuroprotective. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of minocycline were studied in a rat brain cortical cell culture induced by hypoxia. Methods : Cultured cells from the brains of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two sets of groups : normoxia groups treated with 5% CO2 and hypoxia groups treated with 1% CO2. After several...
Leukoencephalopathy after CNS Prophylactic Therapy in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancy
Jun Hwa Lee, Sun Min Lee, Eun Jin Choi, Kun Soo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):566-571.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : Leukoencephalopathy(LE) is one of the most serious complications in children with hematologic malignancies during the course of treatment. Early recognition is important to reduce the impact and sequelae from LE. We therefore investigated the clinical features of LE following central nervous system(CNS) prophylaxis in children with hematologic malignancies and evaluated the significance of regular check-ups of brain MRI. Methods...
Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid from Children with Aseptic Meningitis
Ju Hee Yang, Min Hyuk Park, Jung-Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Dong Hyuck Keum
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):548-553.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 is known to breakdown the blood-brain barrier by degrading the extracellular matrix of the subendothelial basement membrane in meningitis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1, a known inhibitor of MMP-9, has been postulated to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMP-9 by bindng to MMP-9, but their interaction has not been fully understood yet. So far, there have been...
The Findings and Significances of Brain SPECT in Acute Mealses Encephalitis
Jung Chul Kim, Ju Mi Choung, So Hee Eun, Dae-Yeol Lee, Jung Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(11):1373-1380.   Published online November 15, 2002
Purpose : Acute measles encephalitis(ME) is characterized by an abrupt onset of fever and obtundation, frequently accompanied by seizures and multifocal neurological signs. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical manifestation, progression and the brain SPECT patterns in patients with acute ME. Methods : This study included 11 children with acute ME admitted to Chonbuk National University Hospital. Ten patients received a...
Clinical Significance of Auditory Brainstem Response(ABR) in Speech/Language Disorders
Ki Won Oh, Woo Saeng Park, Soon Hak Kwon, Jin Kyung Kim, Jun Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(10):1199-1203.   Published online October 15, 2002
Purpose : The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of auditory brainstem response(ABR) as a screening tool in children with speech and language disorders. Methods : Between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2001, 139 patients with chief complaints of speech and language delay were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinic, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea. They had ABR on entry and the...
Results of Treatment for Children with Primary Brain Tumors : Long-Term Follow Up Results of a Single Institute
Sung-Yeon Choi, Sung-Chul Won, Chuhl-Joo Lyu, Seung-Hwan Oh, Chang-Hyun Yang, Chang-Ok Suh, Joong-Uhn Choi, Byung-Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(8):1016-1023.   Published online August 15, 2002
Purpose : Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor in children. We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of pediatric brain tumors, such as age, sex, tumor site and survival, as seen in a single institution over the last 15 years. We tried to evaluate the role of chemotherapy on the survival of some brain tumors. Methods : Three hundred...
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