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Original Article
Hematology
Changes and correlations of T-cell coinhibitory molecule programmed death-1 and interferon-γ in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia
Fady Mohamed El-Gendy, Amira M.F. Shehata, Esam Awad Abd El-Kawy, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):127-133.   Published online February 24, 2023
Question: What are the PD-1+ CD4+ T cells percentages and serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels of pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
Finding: Compared with healthy controls, the PD-1+ CD4+ T cells percentages and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in ITP patients before and 1 month after therapy.
Meaning: Our findings suggest that PD-1+ CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ are involved in the pathophysiological process of ITP.
Review Article
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Treatment of refractory IgA vasculitis with dapsone: a systematic review
Keum Hwa Lee, Sung Hwi Hong, Jinhae Jun, Youngheun Jo, Woogyeong Jo, Dayeon Choi, Jeongho Joo, Guhyun Jung, Sunghee Ahn, Andreas Kronbichler, Michael Eisenhut, Jae Il Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):158-163.   Published online September 24, 2019
IgA vasculitis, formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is a systemic IgA-mediated vasculitis of the small vessels commonly seen in children. The natural history of IgA vasculitis is generally self-limiting; however, one-third of patients experience symptom recurrence and a refractory course. This systematic review examined the use of dapsone in refractory IgA vasculitis cases. A literature search of PubMed databases retrieved...
Original Article
Association of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells with natural course of childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Bo Ra Son, Ji Yoon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(5):178-182.   Published online May 22, 2015
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood of patients with childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) exhibiting thrombocytopenia and spontaneous remission. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of predicting spontaneous recovery and pathogenesis of childhood chronic ITP.

Methods

Eleven children with chronic ITP (seven thrombocytopenic and four...

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with decreased level of ADAMTS-13 activity and increased level of ADAMTS-13 inhibitor in an adolescent
Eun Mi Yang, Dong Kyun Han, Hee Jo Baek, Young Ok Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Hoon Kook, Tai Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):428-431.   Published online March 15, 2010
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by endothelial cell damage, resulting in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and various degrees of neurological and renal impairment caused by microvascular thrombi. It is rare in children and frequently follows a fatal course. TTP is divided into 2 types: one is inherited and associated with ADAMTS-13 gene mutations and the other...
Prevalence and clinical significance of the positive antinuclear antibody in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
So Eun Jun, Seong Sik Park, Young Tak Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(11):1217-1221.   Published online November 15, 2008
Purpose : An association between idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been recognized for decades because thrombocytopenia is the first manifestation in some patients with SLE. However, the risk of later development of SLE in childhood ITP is currently unknown. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and clinical significance of the positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) in children...
Clinical features of vaccination-associated thrombocytopenic purpura in children
Wan Soo Lee, Seung Taek Yu, Sae Ron Shin, Du Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):610-615.   Published online June 15, 2008
Purpose : Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a relatively common hematological disease in children. It generally occurs after exposure to a common viral infection episode; however, it may occasionally follow immunization with measles, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), hepatitis B (HBV), influenza, diphtheria tetanus-pertussis (DTP), or chickenpox vaccines. In this study, the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcome of vaccination-associated ITP were investigated...
Transforming growth factor-β gene promoter polymorphism : its association with renal involvement in Henoch-Sch lein Purpura in childhood
Seung Ho Lee, Hwa Young Jee, Hwang Min Kim, Byung Il Yeh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(5):523-527.   Published online May 15, 2008
Purpose : Several cytokines play important roles in the inflammatory process of Henoch-Sch lein Purpura (HSP). It is likely that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in the pathogenesis of HSP. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TGF-β promoter polymorphism is associated with the renal involvement of childhood HSP. Methods : Thirty-four patients younger than 15 years, who...
Case Report
Change of neutrophil count after treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Jun Young Park, Ji Ae Park, Seong Shik Park, Young Tak Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(2):204-208.   Published online February 15, 2008
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and course of neutropenia following intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Methods : From January 2001 to June 2006, fifty-four patients with ITP were enrolled in this study. Forty-two of 54 patients were treated with IVIG, while the other 12 were treated with...
Original Article
Change of absolute neutrophil count after intravenous immunoglobulin administration for the children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Hyun Jung Shin, In Kug Bang, Byung Kyu Choe, Jin-Bok Hwang, Jun Sik Kim, Heung Sik Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(10):982-986.   Published online October 15, 2007
Purpose : Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is effective for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children. Recently, several reports have been published that show its impact on the absolute neutrophil count. The present study was performed to confirm these findings. Methods : Data on 26 ITP patients were analyzed. Patients with febrile illness or increased C-reactive protein levels...
Review Article
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hye Won Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(10):931-937.   Published online October 15, 2007
The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare disease of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, low platelet count and renal impairment. HUS usually occurs in young children after hemorrhagic colitis by shigatoxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (D+HUS). HUS is the most common cause of acute renal failure in infants and young children, and is a substantial cause of acute mortality and morbidity; however,...
Case Report
Acute hemorrhagic edema in an infant mimicking Henoch-Sch nlein purpura: a case study
Hyang Mo Lee, Eun Young Kang, Han Uk Kim, Pyoung Han Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(12):1354-1357.   Published online December 15, 2006
Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is an uncommon form of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis that occurs in infants and children younger than 2 years. AHEI is characterized clinically by marked peripheral edema and fever as well as large palpable purpuric and ecchymotic skin lesions in a target-like pattern, mainly on the face, ears and extremities, similar to the skin findings...
Review Article
Giant platelet syndrome
Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):833-838.   Published online August 15, 2006
Giant platelet syndrome is a group of unique disorders characterized by the presence of abnormally large platelets, and usually accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Most cases of giant platelets are encountered in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). In contrast, inherited giant platelet disorders, a group of heterogeneous diseases, are rare. Bernard-Soulier syndrome and its variants, and MYH9 related diseases have been defined at the...
Original Article
Different Clinical Courses of Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura in Children, Adolescents and Adults
Joo Hee Hong, Hyung Joon Na, Mee Kyung Namgoong, Seung Ok Choi, Byng Geun Han, Soon Hee Jung, Hwang Min Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1244-1251.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is the most common and benign systemic vasculitis in children. Few reports have focused on worse outcomes of HSP in adults. The age of onset is suggested as a main risk factor. We assessed the characteristics of adolescent-onset HSP. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 205 cases presented from Aug. 1993 to Oct. 2003. Patients were classified...
Case Report
A Case of Protein Losing Enteropathy Associated with Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura
Kee Dae Kim, Chang Whan Oh, Eun Young Lee, Jae Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):224-227.   Published online February 15, 2005
Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is an IgA mediated immune complex vasculitic disease characterized by non-thrombocytic purpura, arthritis, gastrointestinal manifestations, and glomerulonephritis. HSP related glomerulonephritis induces hypoproteinemia and edema in some cases. Protein-losing enteropathy is another rare but known manifestation of HSP leading to hypoproteinemia and edema. We report a 6-year-old girl with HSP who showed edema caused by intestinal protein loss,...
Original Article
Clinico-epidemiologic Study of Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura in Children, 1987 through 2003
Sun-Mee Choi, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):174-177.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : We evaluated children with Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) in terms of epidemiology and clinical characteristics. Methods : A total of 424 medical records of children with HSP admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, from 1987 to 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Results : The mean annual number of cases was 25.1?.9 and no one year showed an...
Case Report
A Case of Hypocomplementemic Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Presenting Features of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Kyong-A Lee, Tae-Sun Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):81-84.   Published online January 15, 2005
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic disorder characterized by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can affect multiple organs predominantly the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Although the specific pathogenesis of HSP is not known, there are several hypotheses. Although the importance of the complement activation in glomerular injury in HSP has been suggested, the complement levels and the blood pressure in...
Original Article
Clinical Significance of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Abdominal Ultrasonographic Findings in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Eun Jung Choi, Chang Woo Lee, Du Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):63-67.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis, characterized by cutaneous palpable purpura, gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms, arthritis and renal involvement. In general, the prognosis is determined by GI complication as well as the severity of nephritis. In this study, we analyzed the statistical relationship between the GI symptom and other clinical findings for assessing the prognosis, and evaluated abdominal ultrasonographic...
Clinical Lecture
Treatment of Immue Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Childhood
Hwang Min Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(12):1262-1265.   Published online December 15, 2004
Childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is a typically benign self-limiting bleeding disorder of not fully known autoimmune etiology. Chronic ITP, which is defined by duration of more than 6 months, occurs in approximately 20% of children. Neither the risk of bleeding nor the type of disease, acute or chronic, can be predicted at initial presentation. The indication of treatment, choice...
Original Article
Clinical Analysis of Scrotal Involvement in Childhood Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Jin-Seok Lee, Tae-Sun Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1093-1099.   Published online October 15, 2004
Purpose : Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis affecting predominantly skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the joints and kidneys. Because the scrotal manifestations including swelling and pain (or tenderness) are known to be uncommon in male HSP patients, there has been a little mention of them in the studies of HSP. Therefore, we investigated the clinical and laboratory features of HSP...
Comparison of Cytokine Expressions among Kawasaki Disease and Its Symptom-related Diseases
Ran Lee, So Hyun Park, Yu Jeong Kim, So Young Kim, Hyun Hee Kim, Wonbae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):567-573.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is an important acute febrile systemic vasculitis disease. Various cytokines have been studied to evaluate the pathogenesis of vascular injury. Some cytokines have been implicated for vascular injury, but there has been no direct evidence. We compared cytokine profiles of KD with Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP), and febrile infections. Methods : We investigated the serum concentrations of...
Case Report
A Case of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura after Abdominal Blunt Trauma
Sang Eun Lee, Jung Kim, Cheol Hong Kim, Hwang Jae Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):465-469.   Published online April 15, 2004
Henoch-Schönlein purpura is the most common vasculitis in childhood and shows unique clinical features characteristic purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, intestinal bleeding, nephritis and so forth by IgA mediated leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The etiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is unknown, but many variable causative factors are reported such as infection, drugs, vaccination, food, insect bite and so on. Henoch-Schönlein purpura precipitated by trauma...
Original Article
Study on the Correlation between Clinical Classification according to Hemorrhagic Symptoms and Platelet Counts in Childhood Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Ho Il Bang, Sae Ron Shin, Du Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):412-416.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is a relatively common hematologic disease in children. The optimal strategy for treating ITP during childhood is a matter of controversy. In general, platelet count has been the primary, if not the sole measure, on which treatment decisions have been made and outcomes determined. In this study, we tried to find out the correlation between...
A Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors of Renal Involvement in Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura
Min Jee Jeoung, Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):405-411.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : Long-term prognosis of Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is determined by the existence and severity of renal involvement. We evaluated the relationship between various clinical features of HSP and the development of renal involvement using univariate and multivariate analyses for early detection and proper management of HSP nephritis. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 200 children who were diagnosed...
A Clinical Study of Childhood Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura
Tae-Sun Ha, Hyun-Hoe Koo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1118-1123.   Published online November 15, 2003
Purpose : Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis, characterized by cutaneous purpura, abdominal pain, arthralgia and renal involvement. The clinical features of HSP have been reasonably well documented but there are still many gaps in our understanding of HSP. The aim of this study was to present the clinical features of 125 children with HSP and compare them with...
Case Report
A Case of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis Complicating Encephalopathy Accompanied by Hypertension and Cerebral Vasculitis
Hee Ra Choi, Eo Jin Kim, Myoung Bum Choi, Jae Young Lim, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Sang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(10):1040-1043.   Published online October 15, 2003
Henoch-Shonlein purpura(HSP) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis that primarily affects the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, and kidneys. The nervous system may be involved, less commonly than other organs. When the central nervous system(CNS) was involved, headache, changes in mental status, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits have been reported. Hypertension, uremic encephalopathy, metabolic abnomalities, electrolyte abnormalities, or cerebral vasculitis were suggested...
Original Article
Henoch-Scholein Purpura Presenting with Acute Abdominal Pain Preceding Skin Rash : Review of 23 Cases
Ju Young Chang, Yong Joo Kim, Kyo Sun Kim, Hee-Ju Kim, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):576-584.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : For the early diagnosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) presenting with acute abdominal pain preceding skin rash. Methods : The clinical, endoscopic and radiological records of 23 cases of HSP, presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms preceding skin rash were reviewed. Results : The intervals from the onset of abdominal pain to the development of the skin rash were one day to 30 days(median...
Endoscopic Findings of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Dong Hoon Lee, Chul Han Park, Ji Min Park, Geun Soo Park, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):572-575.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : This study was performed to analyze the endoscopic findings in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients, and to compare the differences in endoscopic findings according to age and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods : We examined children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura aged 3 to 15 years between September 1996 and October 2002. The total number studied was 65, consisting of 41 boys and 24...
Comparison of Effectiveness between Two Different Protocols of Treatment of IV γ-globulin in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Jae Ho Jang, Moonsouk Lee, Mira Park, Kyuchul Choeh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(4):358-362.   Published online April 15, 2003
Purpose : Several methods of IV γ-globulin(IVG) infusion are effective in the treatment of autoimmune disease, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). But it is not known which method is more effective in the treatment of ITP. The effectiveness of these two methods of IVG infusion was studied in terms of platelet recovery rate, side effects and recurrence rate. Methods : Forty seven...
Case Report
A Case of Cerebral Vasculitis in Henoch-Shonlein Purpura
Soo Yeon Lee, Ju Mi Choung, Dong Jin Hwang, So Hee Eun, Pyoung Han Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(12):1601-1605.   Published online December 15, 2002
Henoch-Sh nlein Purpura(HSP) is an immuologically mediated systemic vasculitis of small blood vessels affecting predominantly the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, and kidneys. Clinical neurological manifestations such as headaches, behavioral changes, mental changes, seizures, and visual loss are described, but neurological complication are rare during the course of HSP. We experienced a case of an 8 year-old male with HSP who...
Original Article
The Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism in Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis
Chang Woo Ha, Ji Young Kim, Jeong Nyeo Lee, Jeong Hwa Lee, Woo Yeong Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(7):884-890.   Published online July 15, 2002
Purpose : Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) nephritis has been reported to vary from 25 to 50% among HSP patients and is a common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in children. In our study, we evaluated the distribution and the association of the Insertion/Deletion(I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene with clinical manifestations, particularly proteinuria in children with HSP nephritis, compared with that in...
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