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Review Article
Gastroenterology
Factors influencing development of the infant microbiota: from prenatal period to early infancy
Sujin Jeong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):439-447.   Published online December 23, 2021
∙ Microbial colonization primarily occurs after birth but there may be some colonization in utero, although this remains highly controversial.
∙ Maternal factors during pregnancy affect the infant microbiota: diet, weight, gestational weight gain, and antibiotic usage.
∙ Microbes are passed from mother-to-infant during and after birth. Delivery mode, breastfeeding, early life antibiotic, and proton pump inhibitor treatment have the largest effects on microbial composition in early life.
∙ The early life gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of the immune system and metabolism.
Original Article
Adolescence Medicine
Serum alanine aminotransferase levels are closely associated with metabolic disturbances in apparently healthy young adolescents independent of obesity
Ki Eun Kim, Kyung Suk Baek, Sol Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Youn Ho Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(2):48-54.   Published online November 23, 2018

Purpose: Liver metabolism plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in young adolescents from an urban population in Korea. Methods: A population of 120 apparently healthy adolescents aged 12–13 years was included in the cross-sectional design study; 58 were overweight or obese...
Gastroenterology
Clinical significance of serum alanine aminotransferase and lifestyle intervention in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Kyoung Ah Kwon, Peter Chun, Jae Hong Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(9):362-367.   Published online September 21, 2016
Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the effect of lifestyle intervention on NAFLD.

Methods

The clinical data of 86 children diagnosed with NAFLD were reviewed retrospectively. Forty-six patients belonged to the elevated ALT group and 40 to the normal ALT group. The clinical parameters of...

The usefulness of soluble transferrin receptor in the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children
Se Hoon Yoon, Dong Sup Kim, Seung Taek Yu, Sae Ron Shin, Du Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(1):15-19.   Published online January 31, 2015
Purpose

Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a truncated extracellular form of the membrane transferrin receptor produced by proteolysis. Concentrations of serum sTfR are related to iron status and erythropoiesis in the body. We investigated whether serum sTfR levels can aid in diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children.

Methods

Ninety-eight patients with IDA were enrolled and were classified according to...

Associations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, with obesity-related biomarkers in apparently healthy adolescent boys
Youn Ho Shin, Ki Eun Kim, Yong-Jae Lee, Jae-Hwan Nam, Young Mi Hong, Hye-Jung Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(12):526-532.   Published online December 31, 2014
Purpose

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in atherosclerosis, and therefore, are considered risk factors for metabolic dysfunction in adults. However, there is little data on circulating levels of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) with regard to obesity-related biomarkers in the general adolescent population. In the present study, we determined the associations of MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels and...

Predictors of nonresponse to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in Kawasaki disease
Hyo Min Park, Dong Won Lee, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(2):75-79.   Published online February 25, 2013
Purpose

It has been reported that 10% to 20% of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) will not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. In this study, we aimed to identify useful predictors of therapeutic failure in children with KD.

Methods

We examined 309 children diagnosed with KD at the Kyungpook National University Hospital and the Inje University Busan Paik Hospital between January 2005...

Review Article
Regionalization of neonatal intensive care in Korea
Yun Sil Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(12):481-488.   Published online December 31, 2011

In the current era of low-birth rate in Korea, it is important to improve our neonatal intensive care and to establish an integrative system including a regional care network adequate for both high-risk pregnancies and high-risk newborn infants. Therefore, official discussion for nation-wide augmentation, proper leveling, networking, and regionalization of neonatal and perinatal care is urgently needed. In this report,...

Original Article
Correlaton between soluble transferrin receptor concentration and inflammatory markers
So Young Kim, Meong Hi Son, Jung suk Yeom, Ji sook Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae-Young Lim, Chan-Hoo Park, Hyang-Ok Woo, Hee-Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):435-440.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : The concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is estimated as an iron parameter to evaluate erythropoiesis and iron status. The aim of our study is to evaluate the correlation between sTfR concentration and inflammatory parameters and to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from anemia of inflammation. Methods : One hundred and forty-four infants younger than two years of age who...
The relationship between catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and coronary artery abnormality in Kawasaki disease
Hyo Jin Lee, Myung Sook Lee, Ji Sook Kim, Eun Ryoung Kim, Sung Wook Kang, Soo Kang Kim, Joo Ho Chun, Kyung Lim Yoon, Mi Young Han, Seong Ho Cha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):87-92.   Published online January 15, 2009
Purpose : Many gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease. Catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) plays an important role in the metabolism of catecholamines, catechol estrogen, and catechol drugs. Polymorphisms of the COMT gene are reported to be associated with myocardial infarction and coronary artery abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between COMT...
A rise and fall in AST and ALT level in nonspecific reactive hepatitis
Tai Sung Kim, Tae Hyung Hur, Sun Jeong Lim, Joong Hyun Bin, Seung Hoon Hahn, So Young Kim, Hyun Hee Kim, Wonbae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):396-400.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : The study was performed to assess the distribution of the diseases associated with nonspecific reactive hepatitis (NRH) for the past 10 years and to evaluate the change in the level of AST and ALT, and the difference by several variable factors. Methods : From January 1997 to December 2006, 646 patients had elevated liver enzymes among 22,763 patients admitted...
Glutathione S-transferase polymorphism of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Korean neonates
Chang Seok Kang, Seung Su Hong, Ji Sook Kim, Eun Ryoung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):262-266.   Published online March 15, 2008
Purpose : Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family of detoxification enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of numerous diseases. Several allelic variants of GSTs show impaired enzyme activity and are suspected to increase the susceptibility to diseases. Bilirubin is bound efficiently by GST members. The most commonly expressed gene in the liver is GSTM1, and GSTT1 is...
Adolescent obesity and the elevation of aminotransferase levels
Su Yeon Kim, Ho Jun Lee, Tae Su Park, Soo Geun Kim, Hye Jung Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(10):1037-1041.   Published online October 15, 2006
Purpose : The prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) was increased in adolescents. This study was performed to observe the prevalence of elevated aminotransferase levels in adolescents and to assess the correlations between aminotransferase levels and obesity related parameters(body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio and insulin level). Methods : We obtained weight, height, waist circumference and...
1828G>A polymorphism of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT1A1) for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Koreans
Ja Young Kim, Mi Yeoun Kim, Ji Sook Kim, Eun Ryoung Kim, Seo Hyun Yoon, Hee Jae Lee, Joo Ho Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):34-39.   Published online January 15, 2006
Purpose : The incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is twice as high in East Asians as in Caucasians. However, its metabolic basis has not been clearly explained. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene(UGT1A1) mutation was found to be a risk factor of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We studied whether neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is associated with the 1828G>A(rs 10929303) polymorphism of the UGT1A1 gene, which encodes for a...
Urine Organic Acid Analysis of Patients with Febrile Seizures
Dong Soo Shin, Gun Jun Lee, Kyeung Ja Lee, Won Il Park, Eun Joo Bae, Hong Gin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1205-1209.   Published online November 15, 2004
Purpose : Febrile seizure, the most common seizure disorder in children between 6 months and 5 years of age, is mostly caused by viral infections, except severe CNS infection. It can also be caused by disorders in organic acid metabolism, especially accompanied by fever. Therefore we decided to investigate the relationship between children with febrile seizures and disorders in organic...
Case Report
A Case of Partial Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency Presenting as Uric Acid Lithiasis
Ji Hae Kim, Mi Jung Kim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):1020-1023.   Published online September 15, 2004
The deficiency of enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT) results in hyperuricemia and subsequently manifests in diverse symptoms. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, mental retardation, choreoathetosis, spasticity and self-mutilation, resulting from complete deficiency of the enzyme, whereas partial deficiency of the enzyme shows symptoms of milder forms more often without abnormal neurologic signs. A 7-year-old boy with normal growth and...
Original Article
Polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase Gene(UGT1A1) of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Korea
Ki Woong Hong, Hoon Kang, Soo Kim, Ji Sook Kim, Eun Ryoung Kim, Hee Jae Lee, Sheng-Yu Jin, Joo Ho Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(1):18-23.   Published online January 15, 2004
Purpose : The incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is twice as high in East Asians as in whites and its metabolic basis has not been clearly explained. Recently, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT1A1) mutation was found to be a risk factor of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Japanese and Taiwanese Chinese. We studied whether neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is associated with mutation of UGT1A1, which is a...
Case Report
A Case of Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Joon-Sung Kim, Jae-Seung Lee, Ha-Young Noh, Byung-Ju Kim, Young-Jong Woo, Jee-Min Park, Myung-Gwan Kim, Gu-Hwan Kim, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(5):505-509.   Published online May 15, 2003
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, choreoathetosis, spasticity, mental retardation, and compulsive, self-injurious behavior. This disorder results from a complete deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT). We report here on a case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in a 1-year, 7-month-old male who presented with frequent vomiting, failure to thrive, and developmental delay. The diagnostic...
Original Article
Maternal and Neonatal Outcome of Twin Pregnancies after in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
Kyung-Ah Kim, Uoo-Gyung Min, Jae-Woo Lim, Nu-Lee Jun, Hye-Sung Won, Chung-Hoon Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, Pil-Ryang Lee, In-Sik Lee, Ki-Soo Kim, Ahm Kim, Soo-Young Pi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(3):224-229.   Published online March 15, 2003
Purpose : To examine various neonatal outcomes and perinatal factors resulting from assisted reproduction compared to that of spontaneous conception. Methods : This is a retrospective study. The control cases were all twins of spontaneous conception born between periods from January 1995 to June 2000. The study cases were identified from twins conceived by assisted reproduction in the same time peried....
Anemia and Serum Iron Status in Adolescent Female
Ju Rae Cho, Soon Ki Kim, Sang Kyu Park, Jeong Ok Hah
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(3):362-369.   Published online March 15, 2002
Purpose : Anemia is still the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide, especially in adolescence because of an insufficient supply of iron, an increased iron requirement due to accelerated physical growth and blood loss due to menstruation in girls. This study was designed to assess the anemia and serum iron status of middle school girls. Methods : Hematologic examinations, physical examinations and...
Case Report
A Case of Multicystic Encephalomalacia in a Liveborn Twin with a Stillborn Co-twin
Mi Ya Park, Kyung Hee Kim, Jae Seung Yang, Baek Keun Lim, Jong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(3):429-433.   Published online March 15, 1997
Multicystic encephalomalacia is the condition defined anatomically by the presence of multiple cavities in the great part of both cerebral hemispheres. The most common cause of the condition was regarded as the circulatory disturbance during the perinatal period. Also,neonatal asphyxia was the most important cause of the circulatory disturbance. But we experienced a case of multicystic encephalomalacia in a liveborn twin with a stillborn...
Original Article
Concentrations and Placenta Transferability of Subclasses of IgG in Newborn Infants with Gestational Age
Gyung Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(11):1476-1485.   Published online November 15, 1995
Purpose : The object of this study was to investigate concentration and placental transfer of IgG subclasses in greater detail and examine the effect of gestational age. Methods : The concentration of IgGl. IgGz. IgG3 and IgG4 were estimated in 119 pairs of maternal and cord sera from pregnancies of various gestation ranging from 32 to 43 weeks using the method...
A Study of Relation between Serum Aminotransferase Elevation and Clinical Symptoms from Human Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Gee Sun Hong, Hwa Young Jeon, Won Kyu Choi, Mee Kyung Namgoong, Jong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(1):54-60.   Published online January 15, 1995
This study was taken to measure the serum aminotransferase level and it's correlation with clinical symptoms from Human Rotavirus gastroenteritis. This report is based on analysis of 434 patients who were admitted to the Pediatric department at Wonju Christian Hospital because of watery diarrhea and vomiting during 2-year period from July, 1991 to June 1993. The stool specimen on admission...