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Original Article
Immunology
Serum bactericidal activity against meningococcus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Soyoung Lee, Kyung-Hyo Kim, Ji Hyen Lee, Han Wool Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):362-369.   Published online January 13, 2025
Question: What is the level of immunity against meningococcal infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under the age of 19, and is vaccination against meningococcus necessary for these patients, given their susceptibility to infections due to immunosuppressive treatments and disease characteristics?
Finding: Although some of our study patients exhibited serum bactericidal activity against meningococci, most remained seronegative.
Meaning: These findings suggest that patients with SLE who are at risk of meningococcal infection receive appropriate vaccinations.
Cardiology
Prediction of unresponsiveness to second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease refractory to initial treatment
Euri Seo, Jeong Jin Yu, Hyun Ok Jun, Eun Jung Shin, Jae Suk Baek, Young-Hwue Kim, Jae-Kon Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(10):408-413.   Published online October 17, 2016
Purpose

This study investigated predictors of unresponsiveness to second-line intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD).

Methods

This was a single-center analysis of the medical records of 588 patients with KD who had been admitted to Asan Medical Center between 2006 and 2014. Related clinical and laboratory data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

Eighty (13.6%) of the 588 patients...

Case Report
Graves disease following rabbit antithymocyte globulin treatment of severe aplastic anemia in a Korean child
In Su Choi, Han Kyul Kim, Dong Kyun Han, Hee Jo Baek, Hae In Jang, Chan Jong Kim, Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(7):267-269.   Published online July 22, 2015

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is used as an immunosuppressive treatment (IST) to deplete clonal suppressor T cells in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The depletion of suppressor T cells by ATG may affect the activation of B cells, which results in an increased risk for autoimmune conditions. A 12-year-old boy was diagnosed with idiopathic SAA. As he did not have...

Original Article
Serum methotrexate level is inversely related to the outcome of osteosarcoma patients
Jun Ah Lee, Min Suk Kim, Jin Kyung Lee, Dong Ho Kim, Young Joon Hong, Won Seok Song, Wan Hyeong Cho, Soo-Yong Lee, Jung Sub Lim, Kyung Duk Park, Dae-Geun Jeon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):581-587.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To evaluate the correlation between serum methotrexate (MTX) peak levels and clinical outcome of osteosarcoma, as well as to determine the correlation of these levels with the histologic response and event-free survival (EFS). Methods : To maintain the homogeneity of the study population, we selected 52 patients with localized extremity osteosarcoma who had received two cycles of neoadjuvant...
Analysis of cytosine adenine repeat polymorphism of the IGF-I promoter gene in children with idiopathic short stature
Jae Hoon Moon, Woo Yeong Chun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):356-363.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : A polymorphism in the IGF-I gene promoter region is known to be associated with serum IGF-I levels, birth weight, and body length, suggesting that IGF-I gene polymorphism might influence postnatal growth. The present study aimed to investigate the role of this polymorphic cytosine-adenine (CA) repeat of the IGF-I gene in children with idiopathic short stature. Methods : The...
Review Article
Clinical significance of serum IgE
Hai Lee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(5):416-421.   Published online May 15, 2007
Many previous studies have proved that human allergic disease resulted from the formation of antibodies belonging to a unique immunoglobulin isotype termed immunoglobulin E (IgE). Most of IgE- producing plasma cells are found in the lymphoid tissue associated with the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. IgE may be found free in the mucosal secretions of these tissues, bound to local mast...
Original Article
Analysis of cytosine adenine(CA) repeat polymorphism of the IGF-I gene and influence on serum IGF-I levels in healthy children and adolescents
Myung Jin Ko, Tae Gyu Hwang, Jeong Nye Lee, Woo Yeong Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(12):1340-1347.   Published online December 15, 2006
Purpose : The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of polymorphic cytosine adenine (CA) repeat of the IGF-I gene in the age-related alterations of serum IGF-I levels in healthy children. Methods : Two hundred and forty three normal healthy children (136 boys; 107 girls) aged between 7 and 15 years were enrolled in the present study. The...
The diagnostic significance of serum bile acid on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants
Kyoung Soo Park, Myung Seok Shin, Mea Young Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):851-856.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the diagnostic significance of serum bile acid on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants. Methods : Infants without cholestasis were classified into postnatal days and each change of serum bile acid was measured and analyzed. Also, the serum direct bilirubin, serum bile acid, γ-glutamic acid transferase, and alkaline...
Reye syndrome after acute enteritis during the neonatal period
Jun Suck Bang, Sang Jung Nam, Kyung Hwa Lee, Eun Joo Bae, Won Il Park, Hyun Sook Lee, Bae Young Son, Hwan Suck Choi, Hong Jin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):273-277.   Published online March 15, 2006
Purpose : The reinfection rate of H. pylori reported before 13C-urea breath test(13C-UBT) era was higher than that of the post 13C-UBT era. Children are usually reluctant to receive invasive endoscopic evaluation for the reinfection of H. pylori, particularly when they are asymptomatic. The aim of the study is to discover the reinfection rate by different diagnostic tests, and to...
A study on cow's milk and nursing method in relation to iron deficiency
Ji Ung Kang, So Hee Jin, Kyung Dan Choi, Young Taek Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):144-149.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : This study investigated the breast-feeding period, the milk bottle-using period, the age of cow's milk, introduced and the amount of cow's milk consumed in relation to anemia. Methods : Over the course of three years, 930 children(12 months to 36 months) who went to the Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju, Korea were tested for anemia and their parents were surveyed...
Serum Ferritin as a Risk Factor in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jung Hyun Kim, Ho Seong Kim, Duk Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1239-1243.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : Iron accumulation interferes with hepatic insulin extraction and affects insulin synthesis and secretion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum ferritin and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods : We compared the serum ferritin level among 18 patients in an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group, 36 in a type 1 diabetes group, eight in...
Relationship between △FVC(% fall in FVC at the PC20 Dose of Methacholine) and Serum Eosinophil Cationic Protein(ECP) in 6-8 Year Old Children with Asthma
Dong In Suh, Jinho Yu, Young Yoo, Do Kyun Kim, Hee Kang, Young Yull Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1126-1131.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : Bronchial hyperresponsiveness(BHR) is considered a hallmark of asthma. Increased levels of eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) have been identified in serum of asthma patients. Several studies have examined the relationship between serum ECP and bronchial responsiveness, expressed as methacholine PC20 in asthmatic patients, with conflicting results. The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between serum ECP and...
The Effect of Anticonvulsants on Serum Copper and Zinc Concentrations
Hee Jeong Jeong, Hye Won Youn, Keon Su Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(4):406-410.   Published online April 15, 2005
Purpose : Anticonvulsants have a number of side effects and some of them may be attributed to a disturbance of serum trace metal homeostasis. Although they are minor building components in tissues, they play important functional roles in the peripheral and central nervous system. We measured serum copper and zinc levels in epileptic children who were treated with anticonvulsants to...
Serum Albumin Concentrations and Clinical Disorders by Gestational Ages in Preterm Babies
Mia Lee, Soo Youn, Baek Keun Lim, Jong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):148-153.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the reference ranges of serum albumin levels depending on the gestational ages of preterm infants. We also intended to compare the mean serum albumin levels between groups of preterm infants that did not develop clinical disorders later, and groups that did develop clinical disorders such as respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular...
Iron Deficiency Anemia and Iron Nutrition in Adolescent Female Athletes
Yang Kyong Kim, Bo Young Kang, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Kwang Hoi Kim, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1041-1046.   Published online October 15, 2004
Purpose : Iron deficiency, particularly iron deficiency anemia(IDA) often not only decreases athletic performance but also impairs immune function and leads to other physiologic dysfunctions. This study was designed to assess and compare iron status and the IDA prevalence in female adolescent athletes with those of general adolescent students. Methods : Physical measurements and hematologic examinations were performed for adolescent...
Effective Screening Test for Obesity in Obese Adolescents and the Correlation Among Obesity Index, Body Mass Index and Serum Lipid Profile
Tae Jung Sung, Dal Hyun Kim, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Kyung Ja Chang, Jun Young Park, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(3):217-223.   Published online March 15, 2003
Purpose : Every year, there is a remarkable increase in the prevalence of children with excess body fat. The aim of this study is to find a useful screening method in assessing adolescent, obesity and to specify the predictable risk factors that are related to adult cardiovascular disease according to BMI and obesity index. Methods : From July to November in...
Anemia and Serum Iron Status in Adolescent Female
Ju Rae Cho, Soon Ki Kim, Sang Kyu Park, Jeong Ok Hah
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(3):362-369.   Published online March 15, 2002
Purpose : Anemia is still the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide, especially in adolescence because of an insufficient supply of iron, an increased iron requirement due to accelerated physical growth and blood loss due to menstruation in girls. This study was designed to assess the anemia and serum iron status of middle school girls. Methods : Hematologic examinations, physical examinations and...
Effect of Growth Hormone Secretion on Serum Concentration of Leptin
Se-Eun Kim, Jeong-Nyeo Lee, Sang-Ook Nam, Woo-Yeong Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):959-966.   Published online July 15, 2000
Purpose : To investigate the effect of growth hormone(GH) secretion on serum concentration of leptin, we evaluated the differences in serum concentration of leptin between patients with growth hormone deficiency(GHD) and GH normal short stature in prepubertal male children, and the relationship between GH and serum leptin level. Also, we analyzed the correlation between serum concentrations of leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I), insulin-like growth...
Effects of Thioredoxin on Apoptosis-Inducing Neuronal Cell Injury
Hyunmi Kim, Gyoung Hee Kim, Yoon Song Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(6):825-832.   Published online June 15, 1999
Purpose : Thioredoxin is an endogenous antioxidant. It regulates the activities of transcriptional factors such as NF-kB(nuclear factor kappa B)and AP-1(activator protein-1) and it increases the synthesis of cytokines, preventing cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of thioredoxin on apoptosis-inducing neuronal cell injury. We investigated the protective effects of thioredoxin against apoptosis-inducing...
The Relationship between Total Serum IgE, Allergen-Specific IgE, and Skin Prick Test in Children with Atopic Asthma
Myung Hyun Lee, Jin Hwa Cheong, Young Yull Koh, Chung Il Noh, Jung Yun Choi, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(3):403-411.   Published online March 15, 1999
Purpose : Skin prick test and determination of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in serum are methods commonly used to diagnose allergies. Several studies indicate that skin test and specific IgE have roughly the same diagnostic precision, although discrepancies exist. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of total serum IgE on the relation between skin prick test and...
The Utility of Serum Prealbumin Concentrations for Short-term Nutritional Assessment in Patients with Acute Diarrhea
Kyoung Ah Lim, Hae Soon Kim, Jeong Wan Seo, Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(1):88-93.   Published online January 15, 1999
Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of serum prealbumin concentration for the nutritional assessment of acute diarrhea. Methods : From February 1997 to August 1997, ninety patients with acute diarrhea(age, 4-24 months) were randomly assigned into two groups on the basis of their intakes for 2 days prior to admission : liquid diet group(N=56, clear liquid and/or oral electrolyte solutions), and...
Study on Serum Level of Phenobarbital after Intravenous Administration of Loading Dose
Eun Young Park, In Joon Seol
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(10):1403-1410.   Published online October 15, 1998
Purpose : To learn the changes of phenobarbital serum level after intravenous administration of loading dose and to determine the optimal time of maintenance therapy to support therapeutic concentration. Methods : A total of 24 patients, who were admitted to the pediatric ward for treatment of ongoing and recurrent seizure, were enrolled in this study from November, 1994 to August,...
The Effect of Steroid Therapy on Growth and Bone Density in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Seong Hoi Jeon, Ae Yeon Lim, Young Kook Kim, Hae Won Cheon, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(10):1396-1402.   Published online October 15, 1998
Purpose : Long-term steroid therapy for various glomerular disorders in children has been known to decrease serum Vit D3 level and develop osteomalacia. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of long-term steroid therapy on growth and bone density in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods : Bone density of 17 steroid-treated nephrotic syndrome was compared with that of...
The Study of Serum Troponin I and CK-MB in the Acute Stage of Kawasaki Disease
Minshik Kim, Yoonae Chun, Youngok Lee, Namji Cho, Kyungsook Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(5):695-700.   Published online May 15, 1998
Purpose : The pathogensis and etiologic agents are still unknown but clinical studies suggest that Kawasaki disease(KD) is an autoimmune disease caused by infectious agents associated with the early development of acute myocarditis and coronary artery abnormalities. The study investigates serum troponin I(cTnI) and creatine kinase(CK)-MB in the acute stage of KD before diagnosis the use of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment...
Milk Feeding Methods and the Changes of Serum Lactate Level in Infants with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Du Young Choi, Jong Duck Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(4):514-520.   Published online April 15, 1998
Purpose : Infants undergo critical and rapid stages of growth. Optimal nutrition during this period is therefore essential. Iron deficiency is especially impotant and common. The aim of this study was to determine the present status and problems of milk feeding methods in infants with iron deficiency anemia and, futhermore, to develop appropriate feeding guidelines for adequate iron nutrition. Latate is the end product...
Serum Pepsinogen Ⅰ, Ⅱ Levels and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children with H. pylori Infection
Je Woo Kim, Ki Sup Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(2):200-208.   Published online February 15, 1998
Purpose : In H. pylori infection serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio decreases and pepsinogen Ⅱ level is increased. Increased serum pepsinogen Ⅱ level correlates with pathologic severity of gastritis. We assayed serum pepsinogen Ⅰ, Ⅱ levels and pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio to evaluate the relationship between the serum pepsinogen level and upper gastrointestinal diseases. Methods : One hundred and sixty-five children who had...
Case Report
Protein Losing Entropathy Due to TB Enterocolitis was Detected by 99mTc-Human Serum Albumin Scan
Hyoung No Kim, Jae Won Huh, Sang Gun Bee, Yong Woon Back, Chang Hyun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(12):1750-1755.   Published online December 15, 1997
Protein losing entropathy was a secondary disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which is associated with lymphatic obstruction, inflammatory and noninflammatroy disease. It' s clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, edema, diarrhea and growth failure. We described a 12-year-old boy, who had chronic diarrhea for 3 months and edema of lower extremities for 7 days. He also had severe hypoalbuminemia, iron definency anemia, liver diseases and malnurition,...
Original Article
A Study on the Serum Level of Phenytoin after Intravenous Administration of Loading Dose
In Joon Seol, Young Iee Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(10):1435-1442.   Published online October 15, 1997
Purpose : Phenytoin is effectively and widely used drug for the treatment of status epilepticus and patient with ongoing seizure by intravenous infusion. It is generally recommended to maintain serum concentration above 10μg/ml for the sustained effective anticonvulsant effect. This study was designed to know the optimal time to begin oral maintenance therapy after initial intravenous infusion. Methods : Total 17 patients with status epilepticus...
Serum Lipids and Fatty Acids According to the Type of Feeding in Children
Kyung Hwan Oh, Jae Ock Park, Chang Hwi Kim, Sang Mann Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(8):1098-1103.   Published online August 15, 1997
Purpose : Lipids and fatty acids are very important for brain and nervous system in growing children. This study was carried out to compare the composition of serum lipids and fatty acids according to the type of feeding in children. Methods : One hundred and twenty two children aged from 5 month to 24 month who visited Soonchunhyang University Hospital from Mar. 1995 to...
The Concentration of Insulin Like Growth Factor-I(IGF-I) and IGF-Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the Serum of Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency and the Alterations after Growth Hormone Treatment
Woo Yeong Chung, Dae-Yeol Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(6):846-855.   Published online June 15, 1996
Purpose : The insulin like growth factors (IGFs) circulate complexed to IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs). IGFBP-3 is the major circulating IGFBP and is found primarily as a 150 kDa complex which contains an acid labile subunit(ALS), IGFBP-3, and IGF-I or IGF-II and is considered to be growth hormone(GH) dependent. In this study, we measured serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and 150 kDa levels in sera of growth hormone...
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