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Original Article
Clinical Characteristics of Kawasaki Disease in Infants Younger than 3 Months of Age
Soo Jeong Lee, So Jung Kim, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):591-596.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is rare in infants <3 months of age. In this younger group, the diagnosis may be delayed due to lack of most of the clinical criteria, resulting in a high risk of cardiac complications. We examined clinical characteristics in these patients for early recognition and treatment. Methods : We conducted a retrospective study on the infants...
The Clinical and Laboratory Features of Kawasaki Disease with Nonresponsibility to the Acute Antiinflammatory Treatment
Eun-Jung Kim, Myung-Eun Hong, Chang-Woo Lee, Yeon-Geun Oh, Jong-Duk Kim, Hyang-Suk Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(5):500-504.   Published online May 15, 2003
Purpose : To assess the clinical features and laboratory findings in Kawasaki patients with nonresponsibility to the acute antiinflammatory treatment, and identify the risk factors for the nonresponsibility, we reviewed the medical records of patients with Kawasaki disease. Methods : A retrospective study of 177 patients with Kawasaki disease at Wonkwang University Medical Center from June, 1997 to June, 2002, was...
Plasma G-CSF and GM-CSF Concentration and Amount of Their Receptors on the Granulocyte in Kawasaki Disease
Young-Kyoung Yoo, Gibum Lee, Hyun-Hee Kim, Soo-Young Kim, You-Jeong Kim, Wonbae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(4):376-381.   Published online April 15, 2003
Purpose : This study aimed to demonstrate the possible pathogenesis of granulopoiesis in patients of Kawasaki disease(KD) using quantitative analysis of G-CSF, GM-CSF and their CSFr. Methods : The plasma levels of G-CSF, GM-CSF, G-CSFr and GM-CSFr were studied in 14 patients in the acute phase of KD; 13 children with normal peripheral white blood cell counts were used as the...
Case Report
Thrombolytic Therapy and Long Term Follow-up Study in a Child with Kawasaki Disease Complicated by Giant Coronary Aneurysm with Thrombosis
Su Jung Moon, Su Ya Lee, Kyong Hee Na, Sun Young Park, Eun Young Kim, Kyoung Sim Kim, Yong Wook Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(3):302-307.   Published online March 15, 2003
The long-term clinical issues in Kawasaki disease are concerned with the coronary artery lesions that result in aneurysmal formation, thrombotic occlusion, progression to ischemic heart disease, and premature atherosclerosis. We here report a 3 month old infant with Kawasaki disease complicated by giant coronary aneurysm with thrombosis. After urokinase(10,000 IU/kg) and heparin(400 IU/kg) were injected for two days as thrombolytic...
A Case of Kawasaki Disease Associated with Acute Renal Failure and Necrotizing Myositis
So Hyun Ahn, So Yun Shim, Sejung Sohn, Seung Joo Lee, Un Seop Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(2):207-209.   Published online February 15, 2003
Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile vasculitis affecting primarily infants and young children. In addition to the cardiovascular involvement, it may cause inflammatory changes in various organs and body systems : digestive, respiratory, urinary, nervous and musculoskeletal. A case is reported of atypical Kawasaki disease associated with acute renal failure and necrotizing myositis in the right gastrocnemius in a 10-year-old...
Original Article
Laboratory Values in Patients with Kawasaki Disease after Intravenous Immunoglobulin : Comparison of Patients with Coronary Artery Lesions to those without Coronary Artery Lesions
Min-Young Park, Kyung-Yil Lee, Ji-Whan Han, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(2):162-166.   Published online February 15, 2003
Purpose : We evaluated the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) on level of laboratory parameters examined serially according to the existence of coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease. Methods : Children with Kawasaki disease(n=63), treated with IVIG at a dose of 2.0 g/kg, were classified as a group with coronary artery lesions(CALs＋ group, n=9) or a group without coronary...
Corticosteroids Add-on Therapy in the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease
Seon-Mi Kang, Eun-Kyung Moon, Su-Mi In, Hong-Ryang Kil
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(12):1571-1576.   Published online December 15, 2002
Purpose : Recently, clinical trials of steroid add-on therapy were reported with variable results in Kawasaki disease. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients at high risk of with Kawasaki disease(≥4 points of Harada score) treated by three commonly used different treatment regimens, with or without corticosteroids. Methods : Medical records of 96 children with Kawasaki disease treated with one of...
Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Kawasaki Disease Who Received Intravenous Gamma-globulin Retreatment
Deok-Soo Kim, Yoon-Soo Hahn, Heon-Seok Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(11):1411-1416.   Published online November 15, 2002
Purpose : Although the use of intravenous gamma-globulin(IVGG) in Kawasaki disease(KD) is effective in reducing clinical symptoms and coronary artery complications, 20-30% of patients have persistent or recrudescent fever and ongoing clinical symptoms. In these patients, the additional infusion of IVGG is considered. The authors studied the characteristics of patients who received IVGG retreatment, and compared them with the patients...
High-dose Intravenous Immune Globulin Retreatment in Kawasaki Disease
So Yun Shim, Mi Young Heo, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sonh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(10):1273-1277.   Published online October 15, 2002
Purpose : To determine clinical features, laboratory findings and cardiac abnormalities of highdose immune globulin(IVIG) retreatment in patients with Kawasaki disease, and to report effectiveness of retreatment. Methods : Retrospective study of 174 children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease at Ewha Mokdong hospital from March, 1999 to July, 2001. Results : Twenty(11.5%) of 174 patients were retreated with high-dose IVIG. After this, only two patients(1.1%) did not...
Case Report
Atypical Kawasaki Disease Presented with Toxic Shock Syndrome
Kyoung Yeon Lee, Jun Eun Park, Woo Sung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(8):1048-1051.   Published online August 15, 2002
Toxic shock syndrome(TSS) is clinically similar to Kawasaki disease(KD) in that both of them are characterized by fever, desquamating rash and mucous membrane erythema. In contrast the main feature of TSS is hypotension, whereas the complication of KD is coronary vasculitis. We report an 8-year-old boy who fulfilled the crireria for TSS and KD. Initially he showed clinical features of...
Original Article
Epidemiological Study of Kawasaki Disease in Kyung Nam Area
Jeong Soo Yang, Eun Young Cho, Hae Sung Jung, Ji Young Hwang, Dong-Jin Lee, Eun Suk No, Myoung-Bum Choi, Chan-Hoo Park, Hee-Shang Youn, Hyang-Ok Woo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(7):896-901.   Published online July 15, 2002
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in the Kyung Nam area and to evaluate whether the results of this epidemiological study could support infectious etiology. Methods : We sent a questionnaire to three training hospitals in the Kyung Nam area and retrospectively reviewed their medical records of Kawasaki disease from Jun....
An Epidemiologic Study of Kawasaki Disease(1987-2000) : Incidence of Coronary Artery Complication in the Acute Stage
Kyung-Yil Lee, Min-Young Park, Ji-Whan Han, Hyung-Shin Lee, Jin Choi, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(6):783-789.   Published online June 15, 2002
Purpose : We evaluated the epidemiologic characteristics and incidence of coronary artery sequele of children with KD according to treatment. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 506 medical records of children with KD, who were admitted at Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 2000. Results : The mean annual incidence was 36.1±11.1 cases per year. There was a slightly higher...
Comparison of Acute Clinical Features and Coronary Involvement in Patients with Kawasaki Disease between Those Younger and Older than One Year of Age
So Young Kim, Seong Joon Lim, Sin Weon Yun, Dong Keun Lee, Eung Sang Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(6):773-782.   Published online June 15, 2002
Purpose : To identify the necessity of more reasonable diagnostic criteria and the possibility of early prediction of coronary involvement in the higher risk group, we investigated and compared clinical and laboratory findings in the acute phase and coronary involvements in those younger (n=17) and older(n=53) than one year of age in Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Retrospective chart reviews were performed...
Case Report
Hemophagocytic Syndrome with Kawasaki Disease and Peripheral Gangrene
Hwa Jun Yun, Ko Woon Jeon, Hwang Min Kim, Seok Won Park, Young Uh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(5):664-668.   Published online May 15, 2002
A twenty six months-old boy developed hemophagocytic syndrome during the course of Kawasaki disease. Despite the appropriate treatment modalities for Kawasaki disease, he developed thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly, high-grade fever, hypertriglyceridemia, peripheral gangrene, and evidence of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow biopsy. Although the course was stormy, he responded well to a combination therapy of corticosteroid and etoposide.
Original Article
A Change of Adrenal Androgen and Cortisol in Kawasaki Disease
Sun-Hee Lee, Jae-Hong Yu, Hong-Ryang Kil
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(5):654-658.   Published online May 15, 2002
Purpose : Endocrine and immune systems are connected and interdependent. Adrenal glands play an important role in this network and control the balance between serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS) and cortisol. These steroids have an antagonistic effect on the T cell progression into Th1 and Th2 cells and on the induction of correlated interleukins. Therefore we evaluated the role of...
Clinical Features of Atypical Kawasaki Disease
Mi Young Heo, Su Jung Choi, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(3):376-382.   Published online March 15, 2002
Purpose : To identify clinical and laboratory features of atypical Kawasaki disease(KD), and to develop criteria for early diagnosis of atypical KD patients. Methods : All patients with KD treated at our hospital from January 1998 to June 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Among a total of 167 patients, 28(16.8%) were atypical KD of which seven(25%) were infants. Among the...
The Study of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Acute Febrile Phase of Kawasaki Disease
Minshik Kim, Kyungsook Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(1):114-119.   Published online January 15, 2002
Purpose : Kawasaki Disease(KD) is a febrile disease with acute multisystemic vasculitis associated with early development of acute myocarditis and coronary artery abnormalities. The cause and etiologic agents are still unknown. Clinical studies suggest that KD is one of the autoimmune disorders caused by infectious agent, but this is not proved yet. The study was performed to investigate the levels of vascular endothelial growth...
Clinical Characteristics of Infant Kawasaki Disease
Yeun Keun Choi, Jung Min Hong, Su Mi Ihn, Hae Kyeung Lim, Hong Ryang Kil
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(1):109-113.   Published online January 15, 2002
Purpose : To assess the incidence of coronary artery lesion(CAL) and the efficacy of intravenously administered immune globulin(IVGG) and aspirin therapy, identify risk factors for CAL, and analyze clinical characteristics in infants less than 12 months of age with Kawasaki disease. Methods : Retrospective chart review of children less than 12 months of age with Kawasaki disease between 1994 and 1998, diagnosed at Chungnam...
Clinical Analysis of Atypical Kawasaki Disease : Comparison of Kawasaki Disease Between Typical and Atypical Types
Eun Ju Jeong, Jae Hong Park, Hee Ju Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(12):1448-1453.   Published online December 15, 2001
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is known as one of the most important causes of acquired heart disease in children. But the incidence of acquired heart disease can be reduced by early diagnosis and treatment with large amounts of intravenous γ-globulin(IVGG). For early diagnosis and treatment of atypical KD, we analyzed and compared the clinical features, laboratory findings and coronary lesions in patients with typical...
The Changes of Production of RANTES and Gro-α in Kawasaki Disease
Young Hwan Lee, Hyun Kyung Lee, Bo Hyeong Lee, Sun Yoon Jung, Hee Sun Kim, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(9):1002-1011.   Published online September 15, 2001
Purpose : Kawasaki disease is probably driven by abnormalities of the immune system after infectious insult. In this report, a clinical review with laboratory parameters and the changes of the plasma levels of chemokines(RANTES and Gro-α) was undertaken according to the clinical stage of Kawasaki disease. Methods : This investigation included 74 samples from 21 patients(10 boys, 11 girls; mean age, 27.8 months) with Kawasaki...
Influence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection on Outcome of Coronary Artery Lesions in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Hye-Yung Ahn, Hyang-Sook Kim, Jo-Won Jung, Ki-Soo Pai
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(1):46-53.   Published online January 15, 2001
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) may be linked to primary infection by certain common viruses. KD concurrent with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) suggests the possibility of an etiologic agent related to the KD rather than to the EBV infection itself, but, the influence on coronary complication is unclear. To establish whether infection with EBV contributed to the outcome of coronary artery lesions in...
Intravenous Gamma-globulin Retreatment in Kawasaki Disease
Young Ah Lee, Hyun Kee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(11):1488-1494.   Published online November 15, 2000
Purpose : This study was designed to determine the outcome and safety of intravenous gamma- globulin(IVGG) retreatment in Kawasaki disease. Methods : A clinical observation of the therapeutic effects, laboratory findings and echocardiograms was carried out on 72 patients with Kawasaki disease in Kosin University Hospital from 1991 to 1999. 27 patients were treated with 1g/kg/day IVGG for 2 days,...
Changes of Peripheral IFN-γ-Producing CD4(＋) and CD4(－) Cell Frequencies in Kawasaki Disease
Joung-Min Eom, Heon-Seok Han, Youn-Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(10):1350-1355.   Published online October 15, 2000
Purpose : This study was performed to analyze the frequencies of peripheral IFN-γ-producing cells at the single cell level, and to determine concentrations of circulating interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in the acute and subacute phases of Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Ten patients with KD were studied and seven healthy children were selected as control subjects. Using immunofluorescent detection of intracellular IFN-γ in CD4(＋) and...
Detection of Herpes Viral DNA in Peripheral Blood of Kawasaki Disease Patient by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction
Hae-Soon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(9):1180-1186.   Published online September 15, 2000
Purpose : Epidemiologic evidence suggests an infectious cause for Kawasaki disease(KD), but the etiology of KD remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether viral infections are related in the pathogenesis of KD by detecting viral genomes using nested polymerase chain reaction. Methods : Peripheral blood was obtained from 18 acute KD patients before administration of intravenous gamma...
Selective Gamma Globulin Treatment in Kawasaki Disease : The Comparison between Single 1g/kg and 2g/kg
Su Mi Ihn, Ren Zhe Ann, Hong Ryang Kil, Young Hun Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):920-925.   Published online July 15, 2000
Purpose : Treatment of Kawasaki disease with intravenous gamma globulin(IVGG), together with aspirin, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing coronary artery lesion and systemic inflammation, but optimal IVGG dosage and administration method are still controversial. We compared the therapeutic efficacy and clinical response of single IVGG 1g/kg to that of IVGG 2g/kg for comparable risk group of Kawasaki disease. Methods :...
Case Report
A Case of Acute Renal Failure Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in a Child
Sung-Wook Park, Kyung-Yil Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee, Kye-Nam Yoon, Sang-Won Cha, Dong-Jun Lee, Ji-Whan Han, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(5):720-724.   Published online May 15, 2000
Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) therapy is associated with a number of complications, including rare acute renal failure(ARF). Although the cause of IVIG-associated ARF is unknown, it may be related to the stabilizing agent used in IVIG preparations. ARF following IVIG infusion has not been previously described in children. We report a 4-year-old girl with Kawasaki disease who suffered from ARF following IVIG...
Original Article
Outcome of Cardiac Complication in Patients of Kawasaki Disease Treated with High-dose Gammaglobulin
Hyang-Sook Kim, Jong-Tae Kim, Ji-Yon Lee, Jo-Won Jung, Ki-Soo Pai
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(5):658-666.   Published online May 15, 2000
Purpose : We performed the study to evaluate the risk factors associated with cardiac complication and the outcome of coronary lesions after high-dose(2g/kg, 1dose) gammaglobulin(IVIG) treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Retrospective studies were performed on 338 cases of KD treated with high-dose IVIG at this hospital from May 1994 to March 1999. Results : Among 338 patients,...
A Clinical Study of Intravenous Gamma Globulin Re-treatment in Kawasaki Disease
Na Yeon Kim, Chun Hyuk Chang, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(2):223-228.   Published online February 15, 2000
Purpose : Intravenous gamma globulin(IVGG) treatment has reduced symptoms and complications in Kawasaki disease(KD). However, fever persisted in 20-30% of the patients, and there are no reliable data on the indication and dosage of IVGG re-treatment. Therefore, we tried to reveal the effectiveness of IVGG re-treatment and to find risk factors in predicting the re-treatment. Methods : Among 57 patients with...
Lipid Profile Changes in Kawasaki Disease Patients
Ye-Jhin Lee, Young-Seok Lee, Myung-Chul Hyun, Sang-Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(2):216-222.   Published online February 15, 2000
Purpose : Abnormality in the composition of lipid metabolism is well known to be a main cause of atherosclerosis. Accordingly the abnormality in lipid metabolism after suffering from Kawasaki disease may lead to premature coronary atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the abnormalities of lipid metabolism in patients with Kawasaki disease. We studied 67 patients with Kawasaki...
Predicting of Aneurysm with Learning Vector Quantization in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Jae Hyun Kwon, Myung Kul Yum, Nam Su Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):78-84.   Published online January 15, 2000
Purpose : We applied Learning Vector Quantization(LVQ) in the analysis of data from Kawasaki disease patients with coronary artery aneurysm in an attempt to achieve accurate predictions of outcome for individual patients. Methods : One hundred and seventy-five patients with Kawasaki disease were recruited. First, data of 75 patients(of which 60 patients had no aneurysm and 15 patients had aneurysm) were trained using the network....