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Original Article
Infection
Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus common human coronaviruses: a national multicenter study
In Suk Sol, Eun Lee, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Yong Ju Lee, Hye Yung Yum, Mi-Hee Lee, Mi Ae Chu, Hui Jeong Moon, Hyo-Bin Kim, Ju Hee Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Ji Young Ahn, Yoon Young Jang, Hai Lee Chung, Eun Hee Chung, Kyunghoon Kim, Bong-Seong Kim, Cheol Hong Kim, Yang Park, Meeyong Shin, Kyung Suk Lee, Man Yong Han, Soo-Jong Hong, Eun Kyeong Kang, Chang Keun Kim; on behalf of The Pneumonia & Respiratory Disease Study Group of Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):134-141.   Published online December 22, 2022
Question: The clinical differences between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronaviruses (HCoV) in children remain unknown.
Finding: This study compared the clinical findings of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus HCoV. Its findings suggest that children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 have a milder clinical course than those with HCoV.
Meaning: The clinical course of children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 should be closely monitored during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Editorial
Pulmonology
Wheezing in infants and preschoolers: phenotypes and treatment options
Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):26-27.   Published online December 6, 2022
· Knowing who will develop into asthma or who will not is important to impose proper treatment and early intervention in a child with the first episode of wheezing.
· Phenotypes of severe bronchiolitis in less than 2-year-old children with first episode of wheezing were suggested for different treatment options
· RV-induced and/or atopy-associated severe wheezing in preschool children may benefit from early intervention of asthma treatment.
Review Article
Pulmonology
Epidemiology and surveillance implications of community-acquired pneumonia in children
Eui Jeong Roh, Jung Yeon Shim, Eun Hee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):563-573.   Published online October 17, 2022
The identification of the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia and appropriate treatment and prevention can reduce mortality and the socioeconomic burden by reducing the medical expenses. The world has been in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic since 2020, and there is always a risk of continuous emergence and epidemic of new respiratory infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to sustain a monitoring system for respiratory infectious diseases including pneumonia.
Letter to the Editor
Other
Changes in air pollution and childhood respiratory viral infections in Korea post-COVID-19 outbreak
Hyung Kyu Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):211-213.   Published online February 17, 2022
Review Article
Pulmonology
Current perspectives on atypical pneumonia in children
Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(12):469-476.   Published online June 10, 2020
Macrolides are the first line treatment in atypical pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila. Macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumonia (MRMP) is emerging worldwide, especially in East Asia. Immune modulators such as corticosteroids or second line antibiotics are treatment options for MRMP. Pediatricians should be careful with empirical therapy of macrolides in children with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia not to increase the risk of MRMP.
Original Article
Allergy
Asthma predictive index as a useful diagnostic tool in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Korea
Dong Hyeon Lee, Ji-Won Kwon, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyo-Bin Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Gwang-Cheon Jang, Dae-Jin Song, Woo Kyung Kim, Young-Ho Jung, Soo-Jong Hong, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):104-109.   Published online November 8, 2019
Question: Is physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children associated with the asthma predictive index, atopic sensitization, or pulmonary function test?
Finding: Physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children was associated with the asthma predictive index, but not with spirometry, methacholine provocation test, fractional expiratory nitric oxide level, and atopic sensitization.
Meaning: Physician-diagnosed asthma in preschool children may be different from classic atopic asthma in school children or adolescents.
Pulmonology
Increased procalcitonin level is a risk factor for prolonged fever in children with Mycoplasma pneumonia
Ji Eun Jeong, Ji Eun Soh, Ji Hee Kwak, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(8):258-263.   Published online August 15, 2018

Purpose: Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is characterized by prolonged fever and radiological progression despite macrolide treatment. Few studies have examined serum procalcitonin (PCT) level in children with MPP. We aimed to investigate the association of acute inflammation markers including PCT with clinical parameters in children with MPP. Methods: A total of 147 children were recruited. The diagnosis of MPP...
Review Article
Pulmonology
Mechanism of resistance acquisition and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Hyeon-Jong Yang, Dae Jin Song, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(6):167-174.   Published online June 22, 2017

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is one of the most common forms of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents. Outbreaks of MPP occur in 3- to 7-year cycles worldwide; recent epidemics in Korea occurred in 2006–2007, 2011, and 2015–2016. Although MPP is known to be a mild, self-limiting disease with a good response to macrolides, it can also progress into a...

Case Report
Case of seropositive allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a 10-year-old girl without previously documented asthma
Jeong Eun Shin, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hae Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(5):190-193.   Published online May 22, 2015

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity lung disease due to bronchial colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus that occurs in susceptible patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. A 10-year-old girl was referred to the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology for persistent consolidations on chest radiography. Pulmonary consolidations were observed in the right upper and left lower lobes and were not resolved with...

Original Article
Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and interleukin-31 levels, and the severity of atopic dermatitis in children
Bo Ram Cheon, Jeong Eun Shin, Yun Ji Kim, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(3):96-101.   Published online March 20, 2015
Purpose

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory relapsing skin disorder. Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the development of AD, and interleukin (IL) 31 is known to be related to pruritus in AD. The aim of our study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are related to IL-31 levels or to the severity of AD.

Methods

We enrolled 91...

Increased risk of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children with atopic sensitization and asthma
Jeong Eun Shin, Bo Ram Cheon, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hae Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(6):271-277.   Published online June 30, 2014
Purpose

A nationwide outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) refractory to macrolide antibiotics occurred in Korea during 2011. Steroid therapy has been reported to be both efficacious and well tolerated in pediatric patients with refractory MP. We compared clinical features and laboratory characteristics between children with refractory MP requiring steroid treatment and those with macrolide-responsive MP and evaluated the risk factors...

Review Article
Association of wheezing phenotypes with fractional exhaled nitric oxide in children
Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(5):211-216.   Published online May 31, 2014

Asthma comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Airway inflammation, which induces AHR and recurrence of asthma, is the main pathophysiology of asthma. The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level is a noninvasive, reproducible measurement of eosinophilic airway inflammation that is easy to perform in young children. As airway inflammation precedes...

Original Article
Prevalence of respiratory viral infection in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract diseases, and association of rhinovirus and influenza virus with asthma exacerbations
Jang-Mi Kwon, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(1):29-34.   Published online January 31, 2014
Purpose

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of year-round respiratory viral infection in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and the relationship between respiratory viral infection and allergen sensitization in exacerbating asthma.

Methods

We investigated the sources for acute LRTIs in children admitted to our hospital from May 2010 to April 2011. The 6 most common respiratory viruses were...

Association between cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and respiratory tract infections in the first 6 months of age in a Korean population: a birth cohort study (COCOA)
Youn Ho Shin, Jinho Yu, Kyung Won Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Seo-Ah Hong, Eun Lee, Song-I Yang, Young-Ho Jung, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Ji-Won Kwon, Byoung-Ju Kim, Hyo-Bin Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Woo Kyung Kim, Dae Jin Song, So-Yeon Lee, Soo Young Lee, Gwang Cheon Jang, Dong In Suh, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Bong Sung Kim, Suk-Joo Choi, Soo-Young Oh, Ja-Young Kwon, Kyung-Ju Lee, Hee Jin Park, Pil Ryang Lee, Hye-Sung Won, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(10):439-445.   Published online October 31, 2013
Purpose

Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort.

Methods

The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean...

Case Report
Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in an immunocompetent child
Jang-Mi Kwon, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(9):407-410.   Published online September 30, 2013

Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a leading pathogen that causes pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) in Korea. K. pneumoniae liver abscess (KLA) is potentially life threatening, and the diagnosis is difficult. In developed countries, PLA is rarely observed in children and is frequently associated with disorders of granulocyte function and previous abdominal infection. We observed a case of KLA in a...

Original Article
Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ in the lung tissue of obese mice and the effect of rosiglitazone on proinflammatory cytokine expressions in the lung tissue
Seung Lok Ryu, Jae Won Shim, Duk Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Soo-Hee Park, Jinmi Lee, Won-Young Lee, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(4):151-158.   Published online April 22, 2013
Purpose

We investigated the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, PPAR-γ, adipokines, and cytokines in the lung tissue of lean and obese mice with and without ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, and the effect of rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist.

Methods

We developed 6 mice models: OVA-challenged lean mice with and without rosiglitazone; obese mice with and without rosiglitazone; and OVA-challenged obese mice with and...

Successful and safe treatment of hemangioma with oral propranolol in a single institution
Sun Hee Chung, Dong Hyuk Park, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Moon Soo Park, Hong Hoe Koo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(5):164-170.   Published online May 21, 2012
Purpose

Dramatic improvement of hemangioma to propranolol has been recently reported; however, details on dose and duration of treatment, potential risks, and monitoring have not been determined. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the use of propranolol as a first-line treatment or as a single therapy in management of complicated hemangioma.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of eight patients...

Association study of polymorphism in leukotriene C4 synthase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 genes with phenotype of asthma and clinical parameters in Korean children
Jung Yeon Shim, Byung-Joo Kim, Young Hwa Song, Mi-Jin Kang, So-Yeon Lee, Jinho Yu, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):680-688.   Published online June 15, 2009
Purpose : Cysteinyl leukotrienes are important proinflammatory mediators in asthma. Recently, it was suggested that a promoter polymorphism in the genes encoding for leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), a key enzyme in the leukotriene synthetic pathway, and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) might be associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma. We investigated whether polymorphisms in LTC4S and CysLTR1 genes or their interactions were...
Transforming growth factor-β promoted vascular endothelial growth factor release by human lung fibroblasts
Sang Uk Park, Joo Hwa Shin, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):879-885.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : The human lung fibroblast may act as an immunomodulatory cell by providing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are important in airway remodeling. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces mucosal edema and angiogenesis. Thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) induces selective migration of T helper 2 cells. We investigated whether human lung fibroblasts produced VEGF and TARC, and the...
Case Report
A case of idiopathic renal hypouricemia
Moon Hee Han, Sang Uk Park, Deok-Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lym Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(5):489-492.   Published online May 15, 2007
Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a disorder characterized by impaired urate handling in the renal tubules. This disease usually produces no symptoms, but hematuria, uric acid nephrolithiasis or acute renal failure may develop. A defect in the SLC22A12 gene, which encodes the human urate transporter, is the known major cause of this disorder. We describe a 10-month-old boy with idiopathic renal...
Original Article
Clinical features of congenital muscular torticollis
Ji Eun Jun, Hye Kyeong Ryu, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Deok-Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):241-247.   Published online March 15, 2007
Purpose : Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common and benign congenital disorder of the musculoskeletal system in neonates and infants. The pathophysiology is that the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is shortened on the involved side by fibrosis, leading to ipsilateral tilt and contralateral rotation of the face and chin. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of CMT, the...
Relationship of serum IL-13 and eotaxin level with airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma
Eun Young Park, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):889-894.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : Asthma is characterized by the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR) and inflammation. The extensive eosinophil infiltration into the lung is the hallmark of asthma and contributes to the damage of respiratory epithelium during late phase airway responses. Eotaxin is the major eosinophil chemoattractant found in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid of allergic inflammation. IL-13 has been known to induce the...
A study of neuropeptides related to headaches in children with meningeal irritation signs
Bo Gil Seo, Myung Hwan Yoo, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Deok-Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):533-538.   Published online May 15, 2006
Purpose : The headache, one of the symptoms of meningitis, is related to abrupt elevation of intracranial pressure(ICP) or stimulation of intracranial nociceptive structure. However, in cases of mild elevation of ICP or normal findings of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) analysis, patients sometimes complain of headaches. Therefore, other pathways may contribute to the occurrence of headaches in aseptic meningitis or meningismus. We...
The significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in children with asthma and pneumonia
Seong Hwan Choi, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):192-197.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is a key cytokine for controlling vascular permeability and angiogenesis, which is one of the major findings in airway remodeling. However, it is not well known if it is associated with acute lower respiratory tract disease such as lobar pneumonia. The aim of this study is to compare serum VEGF levels in patients with...
A clinical study of migraines without aura in children : based on revised international headache society criteria
Bo Gil Seo, Myung Hwan Yoo, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Deok-soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):71-75.   Published online January 15, 2006
Purpose : Because migraine in children has different characteristics from that in adults, it is inappropriate to apply migraine criteria for adults to children. Recently, the International Headache Society(IHS) revised criteria regarding children's characteristics. Therefore, we reviewed the characteristics of childhood migraines without auras based on the revised criteria and compared the data with the findings of childhood migraine by...
Case Report
Two Cases of Lead Poisoning due to Herb Medicinal Pills
Seong Hwan Choi, Eun Young Park, Jung Yeon Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):1009-1015.   Published online September 15, 2005
We encountered two children with lead poisoning who were administered herb medicinal pills recommended by their clergyman. These patients presented anemia and severe coliky abdominal pain, but no neurologic symptoms. For this reason, they were initially misdiagnosed with gastrointestinal hemorrhagic disease. However, we got a clue that they took herb medicinal pills. Finally, based on the assay of blood lead...
Medical Lecture Course
Proliferative and Synthetic Responses of Airway Smooth Muscle in Asthma
Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):580-587.   Published online June 15, 2005
New evidence is emerging that airway smooth muscle(ASM) may act as an immunomodulatory cell by providing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, polypeptide growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion receptors and co-stimulatory molecules. ASM can promote the formation of the interstitial extracellular matrix, and potentially contribute to the alterations within the extracellular matrix in asthma. In addition, extracellular matrix components can...
Original Article
Evaluation of Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor(IGF)-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein(IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 Levels in Healthy Korean Children
Gi Hoon Yang, Hye Lim Jung, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):298-305.   Published online March 15, 2005
Purpose : We performed this study to evaluate the mean serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 in healthy Korean children according to age and sex. Methods : Ninety two healthy children, consisting of 42 boys and 50 girls, were classified into five groups according to age : neonate; infancy; early childhood; late childhood;...
Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid(CSF) Nitric Oxide, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α and Lactoferrin Levels in Aseptic Meningitis
Young Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Jae Won Shim, Deok Su Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):48-54.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : The pathologic mechanisms of central nervous system(CNS) injuries in human meningitis are not yet completely understood. Recent studies indicate that the host inflammatory responses are as important in brain damage as the infecting organisms and toxins. There have been some reports on the relationship of nitric oxide(NO), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α), and lactoferrin in bacterial meningitis, but few reports...
Case Report
Hemangioendothelioma Leading to Obstruction of the Left Main Bronchus in Infant
Bong Seong Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Seung Il Park, Sung Hye Park, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):1000-1005.   Published online July 15, 2000
Hemangioendothelioma is the most common vascular tumor in children, however hemangioendothelioma occurring in the bronchus is very rare. We experienced a case of hemangioendothelioma in the left main bronchus of an infant which was successfully removed by a sleeve resection. Respiratory distress developed in a 3-month-old female infant with roentgenographic finding of hyperinflation of the left lung. Chest CT and MRI revealed a highly...
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