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Original Article
Gastroenterology
Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperandrogenemia in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
Ozlem Kara, Hanife Aysegul Arsoy, Murat Keskin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(9):395-402.   Published online June 14, 2023
Question: Is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents?
Finding: The frequency of NAFLD did not increase in adolescents with PCOS. However, hyperandrogenemia was a risk factor for NAFLD.
Meaning: Adolescents with PCOS and hyperandrogenemia should be closely monitored for hepatic steatosis.
Case Report
Transient carnitine transport defect with cholestatic jaundice: report of one case in a premature baby
Hyun-Seok Cho, Young Kwang Choo, Hong Jin Lee, Hyeon-Soo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(2):58-62.   Published online February 14, 2012

Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethylaminobutyric acid) is involved in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix and the removal of potentially toxic acylcarnitine esters. Transient carnitine transport defect is a rare condition in newborns reported in 1/90,000 live births. In this paper, we describe a case of transient carnitine transport defect found in a premature baby who had prolonged cholestatic...

A case of severe transient hyperammonemia in a newborn
Min Woo Hwang, Seung Taek Yu, Yeon Kyun Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):598-602.   Published online April 15, 2010
Transient hyperammonemia in a newborn is an overwhelming disease manifested by hyperammonemic coma. The majority of affected newborns are premature and have mild respiratory syndrome. The diagnosis may be difficult to determine. This metabolic disorder is primarily characterized by severe hyperammonemia in the postnatal period, coma, absence of abnormal organic aciduria and normal activity of the enzymes of the urea...
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus with macroglossia diagnosed by methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR)
Hye Young Jin, Jin-Ho Choi, Gu-Hwan Kim, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):432-436.   Published online March 15, 2010
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) has been associated with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6, paternally inherited duplication of 6q24, or a methylation defect at a CpG island of the ZAC or HYMAI gene. We experienced a case of TNDM in which the patient presented with hyperglycemia, macroglossia, and intrauterine growth retardation, caused by a paternally derived HYMAI. An 18-day-old...
Original Article
Predictable risk factors and clinical courses for prolonged transient tachypnea of the newborn
Ji Young Chang, Chang Ryul Kim, Ellen A Kim, Ki Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):349-357.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is usually benign and improves within 72 hours. However, it can also progress to prolonged tachypnea over 72 hours, profound hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and even death. The aim of this study is to find predictable risk factors and describe the clinical courses and outcomes of prolonged TTN (PTTN). Methods : The medical records...
Review Article
Neonatal respiratory distress: recent progress in understanding pathogenesis and treatment outcomes
So Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):1-6.   Published online January 15, 2010
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) are the three most common disorders that cause respiratory distress after birth. An understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders and the development of effective therapeutic strategies is required to control these conditions. Here, we review recent papers on the pathogenesis and treatment of neonatal...
Case Report
A case of idiopathic renal hypouricemia
Moon Hee Han, Sang Uk Park, Deok-Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lym Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(5):489-492.   Published online May 15, 2007
Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a disorder characterized by impaired urate handling in the renal tubules. This disease usually produces no symptoms, but hematuria, uric acid nephrolithiasis or acute renal failure may develop. A defect in the SLC22A12 gene, which encodes the human urate transporter, is the known major cause of this disorder. We describe a 10-month-old boy with idiopathic renal...
Original Article
Benign Transient Hyperphosphatasemia of Infancy and Childhood
Jung Hyun Kwon, Ji Hye Park, Hae Soon Kim, Seung Joo Lee, Mi Ae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):306-309.   Published online March 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of study is to investigate the clinical manifestations and the etiology of markedly-elevated serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels in children without accompanying liver or bone disease. Methods : The serum ALP and other biochemical laboratory data of 4,989 patients attending the pediatric department of Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between January 2002 to December 2002 were studied. The...
Changes in Incidence of Infantile Transient Methemoglobinemia Associated with Infectious Diarrhea during 1989-1999 in Kyungnam Province
Young Suk Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jae-Young Lim, Myoung-Bum Choi, Chan-Hoo Park, Hyang-Ok Woo, Byung-Kiu Park, Hee-Shang Youn, Yang-Suk Jung, Dong-Jin Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Eun Jeong Kim, Chul Kyu Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(12):1569-1576.   Published online December 15, 2000
Purpose : Infantile transient methemoglobinemia(ITM) may develop in association with infectious diarrhea without exposure to any toxic oxidizing agents. We observed that the number of ITM associated with infectious diarrhea have increased at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital (GNUH), located in the western area of Kyungnam province during the last 4 years. To determine whether this phenomenon was similarily observed...
Case Report
A Case of Transient Hyperphosphatasemia
Sung Kee Kim, Yong Won Park, Chong Guk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(6):856-860.   Published online June 15, 2000
We examined a male infant with transient increase in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity. The 25-month-old infant was admitted to a local hospital because of pneumonia of unknown etiology. Initial laboratory investigation revealed a serum ALP of 11,260U/L, which was comparable to that of bone isoenzyme on the electrophoresis pattern. There was no evidence of hepatitis, skeletal or intestinal diseases. The hyperphosphatasemia...
6 Cases of Transient Hyperphosphatasemia of Infancy and Early Childhood
Jong Gon Oh, Dong Hyeon Choi, Kyung Eun Oh, Moon Ki Cho, Chul Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):105-110.   Published online January 15, 2000
Sometimes physicians and clinical pathologists find very high levels of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity in their patients. This condition is associated with transient, marked increase in serum ALP in healthy infants and children. It has also been described in adults. Clinical and biochemical features of transient hyperphosphatasemia in infancy and early childhood are reviewed in six patients that we have studied. The diagnosis is suggested...
Original Article
Characteristics of Transient Hypothyroidism Detected by Neonatal Screening Test
Su-Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(11):1487-1495.   Published online November 15, 1999
Purpose : To help differentiate transient hypothyroidism from congenital hypothyroidism, both of which might be confused initially, the clinical characteristics of transient hypothyroidism were compared to those of permanent ones. Methods : An analysis of the clinical data, including perinatal history, TFT(thyroid function test), and radionuclide scanning, was performed. The outcome of 18 patients of transient hypothyroidism was also compared to...
Case Report
A Case of Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
Young Ju Shin, Ruey Tsai Wang, Il Hwan Kim, Kyung Burm Kim, Young Kyoo Shin, Baik Lin Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(6):879-882.   Published online June 15, 1999
Transient neonatal pustular melanosis(TNPM) is a benign, self-limited, cutaneous disorder of unknown etiology. Significant physical findings are limited to the skin. Hematologic and serological tests are normal. Cultures of blood and pustule are negative. Biopsy specimens from pustules show a intracorneal or subcorneal separation containing neutrophils and also some eosinophils. TNPM produces only cutaneous lesions and requires no treatment. So...
A Case of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Transformed from Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder with Down Syndrome
Jae Eun Lee, Seung Woo Baeck, Wan Seob Kim, Chun Hee Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(1):128-132.   Published online January 15, 1999
Individuals with Down syndrome have a high incidence of hematologic diseases such as transient myeloproliferative disorder(TMD) & acute leukemia. Because it is difficult to distinguish TMD from acute myeloblastic leukemia, the diagnosis in neonate, who have Down syndrome, should be made with extreme caution. TMD usually undergoes spontaneous remission within a few months, but acute leukemia can develope after remission...
Original Article
Clinical Observations of Transient Idiopathic Hypocalcemia
Jeong Nyun Kim, Mi Jung Park, Duk Hi Kim, Ho Sung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(9):1193-1200.   Published online September 15, 1995
Purpose : In concern of diagnosis and treatment of transient idiopathic hypocalcemia, a major cause of infantile, we studied the onset of age, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and duration of treatment and recovery of transient idiopathic hypocalcemia. Methods : The author observed 19 infants with transient idiopathic hypocalcemia who had been admitted to Yonsei university hospital due to convulsion for 4...
Clinical Study of Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Young Soo Kweon, Soo Jin Jung, Chang hee Han, Hae Woon Jang, Ki Ho Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(1):10-19.   Published online January 15, 1995
Transient tachypnea of the newborn(TTN) is a benign self-limited disease characterized by early onset and rapid recovery of tachypnea although it may occasionally have a more prolonged and protracted course. A retrospective clinical study was mad on 29 neonates with TTN admitted to NICU of Pohang St. Mary's Hospital from January 1992 to June 1993. The results were as follows: 1) TTN(36.2%) was...
Case Report
Transient Methemoglobinemia with Acidosis in Newborn
Heng Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(3):416-421.   Published online March 15, 1994
methemoglobinemia is an uncommon clinicl problem generally caused by inherited disorders of hemoglobin metabolism or environmental toxicity from oxidizing agents. Since methemoglobin has no oxigen carrying capacity, patient with severe methemoglobinemia may have dangerous hypoxia even when arterial oxygen tension is normal. Degree of exposure to oxidants which are benign for older individuals may produce severe methemoglobinemia in newborns. Acidosis without...
Original Article
Clinical Assessment of Neonatal Transient Tricuspid Insuffieciency - Doppler Echocardiographic Study-
Se Geun Park, Dong Gun Park, Ji Hee Park, Chang Sung Son, Joo Won Lee, Young Chang Tockgo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(6):785-790.   Published online June 15, 1993
Eight neonates with transient tricuspid insufficiency are presented which was confirmed clinical and two dimensional echocardiographic assessment. We found that two dimensional Doppler echocardiography was very useful in the detection of transient tricuspid insufficiency during neonatal age as noninvasive method. Transient tricuspid insufficiency is a clinical disorder in the newborn period caused by myocardial dysfunction, secondary to asphyxia with or without...
A Cause of Transient Systolic Murmur in Neonates Physiologic Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
Hyun Joo Kwak, Phil Seob Sim, Kwang Chul Lee, Chang Sung Sohn, Joo Won Lee, Young Chang Tockgo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(12):1696-1701.   Published online December 15, 1992
A transient heart murmur is frequently heard in normal newborn who has no congenital heart disease. The cause of this murmur remains unclear but was speculated as hypoplasia of the pulmonary arterial branches or unusual alignment of the main pulmonary artery with its branches. Pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were undertaken in 19 newborn infants with a transient murmur and...
Case Report
A Case of Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood
Gi Hong Seo, Ae Young Kim, Kyeong Sook Cho, Jong Dae Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(4):551-555.   Published online April 15, 1992
We have experienced a case of transient erythroblastopenia of childhood in a 7 years old male patient who was diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration. His hematologic improvement occurred spontaneously. A brief review of related literature was done.
Original Article
A case of transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down's syndrome.
Dong Uk Kim, Woo Ki Lee, Eung Won Park, Kwang Woo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(12):1740-1744.   Published online December 31, 1991
Transient myeloproliferative disorder has been reported in infants with Down’s syndrome. This disorder is clinically and hematologically indistinguishable from congenital leukemia. In contrast to congenital leukemia, complete clinical and hematological recovery occurs within weeks to months of diagnosis without antileukemic treatment. We experienced a case of Transient myeloproliferative disorder with Down’s syndrome. This 4-day-old female neonate showed jaundice, hepatomegaly, fever, dyspnea, mongoloid face and congenital heart...
Transient symptomatic zinc deficiency in a breast-fed, post term infant.
Jin Bok Hwang, Soon Young Song, Woo Hyun Kwon, Chang Ho Han, Hye Li Chung, Young Dae Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(1):101-106.   Published online January 31, 1991
Acrdermititis enteropathica is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of zinc absorption and its cardinal symptoms appear at the time of weaning from breast milk which has been referred to as most appropriate formula to prevent and treat this disease. However, recent reports presented Transient Symptomatic Zinc deficiency (TSZD) in infants fed breast milk whom they treated with transitory zinc supplement with no recurrence. We experienced...
Clinical considerations of acute leukemia or transient myeloprolifo- rative disorder in Down syndrome.
Eun Sil Dong, Sung Hee Jang, Hong Hoe Koo, Hye Lim Jung, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(1):74-82.   Published online January 31, 1991
Children with Down syndrome have an increased incidence of acute leukemia. Infants with Down syndrome are also at risk of developing a transient myeloproliferative disorder indistinguishable from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) except by its eventual clinical recovery. We observed 11 patients with acute leukemia or transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down syndrome who had admitted to the Departmetn of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital,...
Changes in Auditory Brainstem Reponses (ABR) in Severe Hyperbilirubinemic Neonates with Transient Bilirubin Encephalopathy.
Chong Woo Bae, Sa Jun Chung, Chang Il Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(9):1216-1222.   Published online September 30, 1990
Many authors have reported alterations in the ABR in severe hyperbilirubinemia and ABR is an effective non-invasive method of assessing the functional status of the auditory nerve and brainstem sensory pathway in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Perlman et al reported that jaundice in the early neonatal period is associated with significant transient aberration of ABR, suggestive of a transient bilirubin encephalopathy (TBE). And...
A case of Transient Tricuspid Insufficiency of Newborn(TTI).
Young Kyoo Shin, Eui Kyung Jung, Sang Hee Kim, Chang Sung Son, Joo Won Lee, Young Chang Tockgo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(4):534-538.   Published online April 30, 1990
Transient Tricuspid Insufficiency(TTI) of newborn is a feature of myocardial dysfunction caused by myocardial hypoxemia secondary to reduced arterial oxygen content and excessive right ventricular work consequent to pulmonary hypertension.' Since Doppler echocardiography has been used to diagnose cardiac disease, it allows recording of regurgitant turbulent flow pattern. We report one case of TTI in a 36 week-gestational-aged newborn detected by continuous wave Dopplar echocardiography...
A Case of Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder in Down's Syndrome.
Ji Hye Kang, Young Mi Hong, Kyung Hee Kim, Seung Joo Lee, Ki Sook Hong, Ok Kyung Kim, Je Geun Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(2):252-258.   Published online February 28, 1990
Transient myeloproliferative disorder has been reported in infant with Down's syndrome during neonatal period. This is clinically and hematologically indistinguishable from congenital acute leukemia. In contrast to congenital leukemia, complete clinical and hematological recovery occurs within weeks to months of diagnosis without antileukemic treatment. A neonate presented with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and mongoloid face was diagnosed as Transient myeloproliferative disorder. We report this case with a review of...
A Case of Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus.
Hye Hyun Kim, Kyung Ha Ryu, Keun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1988;31(10):1346-1349.   Published online October 31, 1988
Transient Neonatal D.M. is rare disease which is characterized by letharginess, dehydration and weight loss with severe hyperglycemia. It occurs frequently which small for data infant and recovers spontaneously if appropriate insulin treatment was taken. We had expirienced a case of Transient Neonatal D.M. in 15 days old female infant. The review of the literature was made briefly.
A Clinical Study of Wet Lung Disease.
Soon Wook Lim, Jae Seung Yang, Chul Lee, Dong Gwan Han, Chin Suck Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(9):852-860.   Published online September 30, 1985
The authors studied 36 cases of wet lung disease who were born and admitted to pediatric department of Severance hospital from January 1981 to June 1984. following results were obtained: 1)The incidence of wet lung disease was 0.5% and the predisposing factors were male sex(78%), full term(75%), C-section(58%) and multipara(72%). 2)Number of cases whose Apgar score were above 7 werp...
Case Report
A Case of Trensient Myeloproliferative Disorder with Down Syndrome.
Dong Gyoon Kim, Jae Ho Lee, Jung Il Noh, Hyo Seop Ahn, Chang Yee Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1983;26(10):1024-1028.   Published online October 31, 1983
Transient myeloproliferative disorder has been reported in infants with Down syndrome. Infants with Down syndrome and this transient myeloproliferative disorder often present with signs and symptoms that are clinically and hematologically indistinguishable from congenital acute myelogenous leukemia. In contrast to congenital AML, complete clinical and hematological recovery occurs within weeks to months of diagnosis without any specific anti- leukemic treatment. A case of transient myeloproliferative disorder...
A Case of Transient Complete A-V Block.
Yung Boo Kim, Hwan Sup Kang, Chang Hyo Lee, Chang Il Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1981;24(10):997-1102.   Published online October 15, 1981
We experienced a case of transient complete A-V block, which developed probably due to acute myocarditis of viral etiology. The patient was 13 year old boy, and was admitted to our ward with chief complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and chest discomfort. The auscultation of the heart revealed, the 1st heart sounds varied in intensity, and the E.K.G. findings, checked...