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Original Article
Allergy
Regional differences in diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy
Fabian Hendricx, Emma Robert, Jaime A. Ramirez-Mayans, Karen Rubi Ignorosa Arellano, Erick M. Toro Monjaraz, Yvan Vandenplas
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):601-607.   Published online October 28, 2024
· Although there is broad consensus on many aspects regarding the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of cow's milk allergy, the impact of geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic factors remains unestablished.
· Availability and cost of formula for the management of cow's milk allergy have a major impact on the therapeutic choice.
· Region-specific guidelines for the treatment of cow's milk allergy are required.
Review Article
Endocrinology
Two- versus one-bag fluid delivery in pediatric and adolescent diabetic ketoacidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Maya L. Nasser, Joseph Nasr, Reem B. Zalloum, Nathanael Q.E. Yap, Natalie E. Bourdakos, Shahid Miangul, Tara A. Betts, Hayato Nakanishi, Christian A. Than, Serge Jabbour
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):486-497.   Published online June 27, 2024
· The safety and efficacy of the two-bag versus one-bag system for treating patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) < 21 years remains unestablished.
· Our meta-analysis demonstrated similar safety outcomes but sooner DKA resolution and shorter mean response time for intravenous fluid changes for the two-bag system.
· This preliminary evidence suggests that the two-bag system has some advantages in efficacy, but further studies are needed to evaluate their extent.
Original Article
Neurology
Long-term prenatal stress increases susceptibility of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced spasms in infant rats
Hyeok Hee Kwon, Taekwan Lee, Jinpyo Hong, Dong Woon Kim, Joon Won Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(5):150-155.   Published online May 28, 2018
Purpose

Infantile spasms, also known as West syndrome, is an age-specific epileptic seizure. Most patients with this condition also exhibit delayed development. This study aimed to determine the effect of long-term prenatal stress on susceptibility to infantile spasms.

Methods

We subjected pregnant rats to acute or chronic immobilization stress. Resulting offspring received N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on postnatal day 15, and their...

Review Article
Nutritional strategy of early amino acid administration in very low birth weight infants
Byong Sop Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(3):77-83.   Published online March 20, 2015

Relative to a fetus of the same gestational age, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are more likely to be underfed and to undergo growth restriction during their early hospital stay. The current trend towards "early and aggressive" nutritional strategies in VLBW infants aims to overcome the early nutritional deficiency and thereby boost postnatal catch-up growth, simultaneously improving long-term neurodevelopmental...

Original Article
Lowe syndrome: a single center's experience in Korea
Hyun-Kyung Kim, Ja Hye Kim, Yoo-Mi Kim, Gu-Hwan Kim, Beom Hee Lee, Jin-Ho Choi, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(3):140-148.   Published online March 31, 2014
Purpose

Lowe syndrome is a rare, X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the OCRL gene. It involves multiple anatomic systems, particularly the eyes, central nervous system, and kidneys, and leads to profound growth failure and global developmental delay. This study evaluated the clinical and genetic characteristics of Korean patients with Lowe syndrome.

Methods

The clinical findings and results of genetic studies were...

Kidney size estimation in Korean children with Technesium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy
Min Jung Lee, Mi Kyung Son, Byung Ok Kwak, Hye Won Park, Sochung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(1):41-45.   Published online January 31, 2014
Purpose

Renal size is an important indicator to determine adequate organ growth in children. The aim of this study was to estimate renal size with Technesium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and propose a simple formula for predicting renal length in normal Korean children.

Methods

This study included 346 children (148 boys and 198 girls; age range, 1 month to 17 years) in whom...

Case Report
Chronic intermittent form of isovaleric aciduria in a 2-year-old boy
Jin Min Cho, Beom Hee Lee, Gu-Hwan Kim, Yoo-Mi Kim, Jin-Ho Choi, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(8):351-354.   Published online August 27, 2013

Isovaleric aciduria (IVA) is caused by an autosomal recessive deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD). IVA presents either in the neonatal period as an acute episode of fulminant metabolic acidosis, which may lead to coma or death, or later as a "chronic intermittent form" that is associated with developmental delays, with or without recurrent acidotic episodes during periods of stress, such...

Review Article
Lower fat and better quality diet therapy for children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Jung-Rim Yoon, Heung Dong Kim, Hoon-Chul Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(8):327-331.   Published online August 27, 2013

The ketogenic diet (KD) is an established, effective, nonpharmacologic treatment for children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Although the KD is the most well-established dietary therapy for epilepsy, it is too restrictive and is associated with serious complications; therefore, alternative lower-fat diets, including a modified Atkins diet and low-glycemic index diet, have been developed. Recent ongoing clinical evidence suggests that other dietary...

Original Article
Discordant findings on dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy in children with multi-detector row computed tomography-proven acute pyelonephritis
Jeongmin Lee, Duck Geun Kwon, Se Jin Park, Ki-Soo Pai
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(5):212-218.   Published online May 31, 2011
Purpose

The diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is often difficult, as its clinical and biological manifestations are non-specific in children. If not treated quickly and adequately, however, APN may cause irreversible renal damage, possibly leading to hypertension and chronic renal failure. We were suspecting the diagnostic value of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan by experiences and so compared the results of DMSA...

The relationships between clinical variables and renal parenchymal disease in pediatric clinically suspected urinary tract infection
Jung Lim Byun, Sang Taek Lee, Sochung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):222-227.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : To evaluate the significance of clinical signs and laboratory findings as predictors of renal parenchymal lesions and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : From July 2005 to July 2008, 180 patients admitted with a first febrile UTI at the Pediatric Department of Konkuk University Hospital were included in this study. The following were...
Inherited metabolic diseases in the urine organic acid analysis of complex febrile seizure patients
Hee Jeong Cheong, Hye Rim Kim, Seong Soo Lee, Eun Joo Bae, Won Il Park, Hong Jin Lee, Hui Chul Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):199-204.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : Seizure associated with fever may indicate the presence of underlying inherited metabolic diseases. The present study was performed to investigate the presence of underlying metabolic diseases in patients with complex febrile seizures, using analyses of urine organic acids. Method : We retrospectively analyzed and compared the results of urine organic acid analysis with routine laboratory findings in 278...
Genotype and clinical features of Korean patients with methylmalonic aciduria and propionic aciduria
Eun Hye Lee, Jung Min Ko, Jae-Min Kim, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(9):964-970.   Published online September 15, 2008
Purpose : Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) and propionic aciduria (PA) are inborn errors in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. The study was undertaken to investigate the genotypes and clinical features of Korean patients with MMA and PA. Methods : This study examined 12 patients with MMA and eight with PA. We analyzed various clinical features, laboratory findings, treatments, and neuro-developmental outcomes....
The neuroprotective effect of mycophenolic acid via anti-apoptosis in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Ji Young Kim, Seung Ho Yang, Sun Hwa Cha, Ji Yeun Kim, Young Chae Jang, Kwan Kyu Park, Jin Kyung Kim, Hai Lee Chung, Eok Su Seo, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):686-693.   Published online July 15, 2007
Purpose : Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is a potent inhibitor of inosine-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a new immunosuppressive drug used. It was reported that MPA protected neurons after excitotoxic injury, induced apoptosis in microglial cells. However, the effects of MPA on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury has not been yet evaluated. Therefore, we examined whether MPA...
Valproate-associated weight gain and potential predictors in children with epilepsy
Gook Chan Jang, Eun Young Kim, Young Il Rho, Kyung Rye Moon, Sang Kee Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(5):484-488.   Published online May 15, 2007
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and potential predictors of weight gain in older children and teens treated with valproate (VPA) for epilepsy. Methods : Sixty-five subjects aged 8 to 17 years of age, who began VPA treatment between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2004, and who had documented weight and height measurements...
Comparison of total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis according to amino acid mixtures in very low birth weight infants
Jin-Sung Choi, Yun-Jin Bae, Young Ah Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(9):972-976.   Published online September 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of amino acid mixtures on incidence and severity of total parenteral nutrition associated-cholestasis(PNAC) in very low birth weight infants. Methods : Retrospective review of 63 very low birth weight infants(birth weight ≤1,500 g) who received total parenteral nutrition(TPN) in our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2000 to...
The diagnostic significance of serum bile acid on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants
Kyoung Soo Park, Myung Seok Shin, Mea Young Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):851-856.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the diagnostic significance of serum bile acid on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants. Methods : Infants without cholestasis were classified into postnatal days and each change of serum bile acid was measured and analyzed. Also, the serum direct bilirubin, serum bile acid, γ-glutamic acid transferase, and alkaline...
Homocysteine, insulin, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in obese children
Jee Yoon Park, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):475-481.   Published online May 15, 2006
Purpose : As the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have become problems. High homocysteine levels and low vitamin B12 supplementation are acknowledged to have a role in coronary artery disease, but there are few studies on homocysteine, insulin and vitamin B12 levels in obese children. We aimed to study whether homocysteine, insulin,...
Reye syndrome after acute enteritis during the neonatal period
Jun Suck Bang, Sang Jung Nam, Kyung Hwa Lee, Eun Joo Bae, Won Il Park, Hyun Sook Lee, Bae Young Son, Hwan Suck Choi, Hong Jin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):273-277.   Published online March 15, 2006
Purpose : The reinfection rate of H. pylori reported before 13C-urea breath test(13C-UBT) era was higher than that of the post 13C-UBT era. Children are usually reluctant to receive invasive endoscopic evaluation for the reinfection of H. pylori, particularly when they are asymptomatic. The aim of the study is to discover the reinfection rate by different diagnostic tests, and to...
Organic acidemias in Korea - Eight years experience of organic acid analysis -
Jun Suck Bang, Si Hong Lim, Kyung Hwa Lee, Eun Joo Bae, Won Il Park, Hong Jin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):258-267.   Published online March 15, 2006
Purpose : We have done this retrospective study to know the relative incidence and clinical manifestations of organic acidopathies in Korea during 8 years(from Jul. 1997 to May 2005). This results of organic acid analysis of 1,787 patients were compared with the results of organic acid analysis that were published three years ago. Methods : The results of quantitative organic acid...
Medical Lecture Course
New Nutritional Concepts of Vitamins and Minerals
Hee-Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(12):1295-1309.   Published online December 15, 2005
Nowadays, the nutritional deficits are rarely seen in Korea. However, an increased availability of the highly palatable energy dense, nutrient-poor foods increases the risks of obesity and deficits of vitamins and minerals in the general population. Also, optimum intake of vitamins and minerals, which varies with age and genetic back ground, might not suffice the poor, young, obese, and elderly...
Original Article
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Keon Hee Yoo, Dong Kil You, Soo Hyun Lee, Ki Woong Sung, Eun Joo Cho, Hong Hoe Koo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):178-185.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia(JMML) treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo- HSCT). Methods : Eleven JMML patients aged 8-39 months underwent allo-HSCT. The sources of grafts were unrelated donors(n=7), HLA-matched siblings(n=3) and an HLA 1-antigen mismatched familial donor. All patients had received chemotherapy ?13-cis-retinoic acid(CRA) before...
Urine Organic Acid Analysis of Patients with Febrile Seizures
Dong Soo Shin, Gun Jun Lee, Kyeung Ja Lee, Won Il Park, Eun Joo Bae, Hong Gin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1205-1209.   Published online November 15, 2004
Purpose : Febrile seizure, the most common seizure disorder in children between 6 months and 5 years of age, is mostly caused by viral infections, except severe CNS infection. It can also be caused by disorders in organic acid metabolism, especially accompanied by fever. Therefore we decided to investigate the relationship between children with febrile seizures and disorders in organic...
Quantification of Organic Acids in Amniotic Fluid for Prenatal Diagnosis of Organic Acidemia
Chang Bum Koh, Dong Soo Shin, Eun Joo Bae, Won Il Park, Kyeung Ja Lee, Hong Jin Lee, Young Jo, Seung Won Lee, Ui Sun Noh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1047-1052.   Published online October 15, 2004
Purpose : Since 1997, the quantification of organic acids in urine has become possible in Korea. This helped to diagnose a great variety of inborn errors of metabolism. However, we still don't know the normal value of organic acids in amniotic fluid, therefore it is impossible for doctors to make a correct diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in prenatal...
Case Report
A Case of Partial Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency Presenting as Uric Acid Lithiasis
Ji Hae Kim, Mi Jung Kim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):1020-1023.   Published online September 15, 2004
The deficiency of enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT) results in hyperuricemia and subsequently manifests in diverse symptoms. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, mental retardation, choreoathetosis, spasticity and self-mutilation, resulting from complete deficiency of the enzyme, whereas partial deficiency of the enzyme shows symptoms of milder forms more often without abnormal neurologic signs. A 7-year-old boy with normal growth and...
Original Article
Fat Content in Stool of Children with Rotaviral Enteritis
Joon Sup Song, So Chung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(12):1212-1216.   Published online December 15, 2003
Purpose : Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the fat content in stools of patients with rotaviral enteritis compared to the stools of children who had no gastroenteritis. Methods : Seventy two patients who were admitted to Konkuk University Hospital, College of...
Case Report
A Case of Acute Pancreatitis in a Neuroblastoma Patient after Retinoic Acid Therapy
Yoo Jin Jeong, Yeon Kyong Seo, Heung Sik Kim, Hee Jung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1128-1130.   Published online November 15, 2003
Retinoic acid has been used successfully as a differentiating agent in acute promyelocytic leukemia and neuroblastoma. However, some adverse effects have been recognized, such as headaches, dry skin and retinoic acid syndrome, a life threatening acute cardiorespiratory disorder. Acute pancreatitis with hyperlipidemia has rarely been reported. We experienced a case of acute pancreatitis with hyperlipidemia in a neuroblastoma patient after...
A Case of Canavan Disease
Young Ho Son, Tae Gyu Hwang, Jong Beom Sinn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(9):934-938.   Published online September 15, 2003
Canavan disease, also known as van Bogaert-Bertrand disease, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early an onset and a progressive spongyform degeneration of the brain, associated with an edema of the central nerve system, intramyelinic swelling and neurologic symptoms. This disorder is most prevalent in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent but has been observed in other ethnic groups....
A Case of ARCI Syndrome with Hypoplasia of Corpus Callosum and Heart Anomaly
Eo-Jin Kim, Young-Ran Yoon, Min-Hae Lee, Ki-Su Kang, Jae-Young Lim, Myoung-Bum Choi, Chan-Hoo Park, Hyang-Ok Woo, Hee-Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(8):826-830.   Published online August 15, 2003
ARCI syndrome consists of arthrogryposis, renal tubular acidosis, cholestatic jaundice and icthyosis. We experienced an ARCI syndrome case with corpus callosum hypoplasia and atrial septal defect. This case had oral feeding difficulty, multiple joint contracture, renal tubular acidosis and neurogenic muscular atrophy at neonatal period. At two months of age, icthyosis and cholestatic jaundice were diagnosed. The case was hospitalized...
A Case of Glutaric Aciduria Type I with Macrocephaly
Woo Jong Shin, Yeo Ok Moon, Hye Ran Yoon, Eun Sil Dong, Young Min Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(3):295-301.   Published online March 15, 2003
Glutaric aciduria type 1(GA1) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan metabolism caused by the deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. This disease is characterized by macrocephaly at birth or shortly after birth and various neurologic symptoms. Between the first weeks and the 4-5th year of life, intercurrent illness such as viral infections, gastroenteritis, or even routine...
Original Article
The Morphologic Changes of Parvalbumin- Immunoreactive Interneurons of the Dentate Gyrus in Kainate-Treated Mouse Hippocampal Slice Culture Epilepsy Model
Hee Sun Chung, Mi-Young Shin, Young-Hoon Kim, In-Goo Lee, Kyung-Tai Whang, Myung-Suk Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(12):1551-1558.   Published online December 15, 2002
Purpose : Loss of hippocampal interneurons in dentate gyrus has been reported in patients with severe temporal lobe epilepsy and in animals treated with kainic acid(KA). Interneurons contain Ca2+- binding protein parvalbumin(PV). The effects of kainic acid on parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) interneurons in dentate gyrus were investigated in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : Cultured hippocampal slices from postnatal day nine...