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Original Article
Characteristics of temper tantrums in 1–6-year-old children and impact on caregivers
Warangkana Prutipaisan, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho
Background: Temper tantrums are common behavioral difficulties in children. Although they are generally considered a normal part of development, certain characteristics—such as aggression, prolonged duration, and frequent occurrences—have been linked to psychological issues and can negatively impact both the child and their caregivers.
Purpose: To study the prevalence and characteristics of temper tantrums in children aged 1–6 years at daycare and...
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Asha P. Shetty, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Alwin Issac, Latha Thimmappa, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Radha K, Prabhaker Mishra, Vijai Datta Upadhyaya
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):104-115.   Published online November 14, 2023
Question: What emotions do parents experience when their newborns are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)?
Finding: Mothers experienced more anxiety (51%), depression (31%), and stress (41%) symptoms than fathers (26%, 12%, and 22%, respectively).
Meaning: Parents often experience anxiety, stress, and depression following NICU admission. Healthcare workers are responsible for providing regular parental counseling.
Critical Care Medicine
Timing of parenteral nutrition initiation in critically ill children: a randomized clinical trial
Nagwan Y. Saleh, Hesham M. Aboelghar, Nehad B. Abdelaty, Mohamed I. Garib, Asmaa A. Mahmoud
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(9):403-411.   Published online June 14, 2023
Question: What is the ideal initiation timing of parenteral nutrition for critically ill children?
Finding: This randomized clinical trial of 140 children examined the effects of an early or late start of parenteral nutrition on mechanical ventilation need (primary outcome) and length of stay and mortality (secondary outcomes).
Meaning: Children who received early versus late parenteral nutrition had lower mechanical ventilation need and duration.
Developmental and Behavioral Medicine
Parenting stress and interactive engagement behaviors in children with developmental delay
Jung Sook Yeom, Rock Bum Kim, Jae Young Cho, Ji Sook Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae-Young Lim, Hyang-Ok Woo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):252-261.   Published online May 19, 2023
· Question: What level of parenting stress is experienced by parents of children with developmental delays (DDs) without autism spectrum disorder, and what factors contribute to it?
· Findings: Parents of children with DDs experienced high parenting stress that were significantly mediated by their children’s low interactive behaviors.
· Meaning: The interactive behaviors of children with DDs mediate parenting stress.
General Pediatrics
Global relationship between parent and child obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ju Suk Lee, Mi Hyeon Jin, Hae Jeong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(1):35-46.   Published online March 29, 2021
Question: Are parent and child obesity correlated worldwide?
Finding: Overweight and obese status of parents and children were significantly associated worldwide. The association between parent and child obesity was stronger in Asia than in Europe and the Middle East, and in high-income than in middle- and low-income countries.
Meaning: Childhood obesity is highly influenced by parental weight status, indicating that parents could play an important role in its prevention.
Other
Korean parents’ perceptions of the challenges and needs on school re-entry during or after childhood and adolescent cancer: a multi-institutional survey by Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
Jun Ah Lee, Jae Min Lee, Hyeon Jin Park, Meerim Park, Byung Kiu Park, Hee Young Ju, Ji Yoon Kim, Sang Kyu Park, Young Ho Lee, Ye Jee Shim, Heung Sik Kim, Kyung Duk Park, Yeon-Jung Lim, Hee Won Chueh, Ji Kyoung Park, Soon Ki Kim, Hyoung Soo Choi, Hyo Seop Ahn, Jeong Ok Hah, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hee Young Shin, Mee Jeong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):141-145.   Published online November 14, 2019
Question: What are the parental needs and challenges when their children return to school after cancer?
Finding: In addition to scholastic aptitude-oriented programs, emotional and psychosocial support is necessary for a successful return to school.
Meaning: Pediatric oncologists should actively engage in improving oncology practices to better integrate individualized school plans and educate peers and teachers to improve health literacy to make them understand the needs of children with cancer.
Infection
The impact of an educational intervention on parents' decisions to vaccinate their <60-month-old children against influenza
Aery Choi, Dong Ho Kim, Yun Kyung Kim, Byung Wook Eun, Dae Sun Jo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(8):254-260.   Published online August 14, 2017
Purpose

Seasonal influenza can be prevented by vaccination. Disease prevention in children aged <60 months is of particular importance because of the associated familial and societal burden. Considering that caretakers make the decision to vaccinate their children, the identification of drivers and barriers to vaccination is essential to increase influenza vaccination coverage.

Methods

A total of 639 parents participated in the pre- and...

Review Article
General Pediatrics
Apparent life-threatening event in infancy
Hee Joung Choi, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(9):347-354.   Published online September 21, 2016

An apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) is defined as the combination of clinical presentations such as apnea, marked change in skin and muscle tone, gagging, or choking. It is a frightening event, and it predominantly occurs during infancy at a mean age of 1–3 months. The causes of ALTE are categorized into problems that are: gastrointestinal (50%), neurological (30%), respiratory (20%),...

Original Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Modification of nutrition strategy for improvement of postnatal growth in very low birth weight infants
Ah Young Choi, Yong Wook Lee, Mea-young Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(4):165-173.   Published online April 30, 2016
Purpose

To identify the effects of modified parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) regimens on the growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods

The study included VLBW infants weighing <1,500 g, admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital between October 2010 and April 2014, who were alive at the time of discharge. Subjects were divided according to 3 periods: period 1...

Case Report
Compartment syndrome due to extravasation of peripheral parenteral nutrition: extravasation injury of parenteral nutrition
Huee Jin Park, Kyung Hoon Kim, Hyuk Jin Lee, Eui Cheol Jeong, Kee Won Kim, Dong In Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(11):454-458.   Published online November 22, 2015

Compartment syndrome is a rare but devastating condition that can result in permanent neuromuscular or soft tissue injuries. Extravasation injuries, among the iatrogenic causes of compartment syndrome, occur under a wide variety of circumstances in the inpatient setting. Total parenteral nutrition via a peripheral route is an effective alternative for the management of critically ill children who do not obtain...

Review Article
Nutritional strategy of early amino acid administration in very low birth weight infants
Byong Sop Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(3):77-83.   Published online March 20, 2015

Relative to a fetus of the same gestational age, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are more likely to be underfed and to undergo growth restriction during their early hospital stay. The current trend towards "early and aggressive" nutritional strategies in VLBW infants aims to overcome the early nutritional deficiency and thereby boost postnatal catch-up growth, simultaneously improving long-term neurodevelopmental...

Case Report
Wernicke's encephalopathy in a child with high dose thiamine therapy
So Won Park, Yoon Young Yi, Jung Woo Han, Heung Dong Kim, Joon Soo Lee, Hoon-Chul Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(11):496-499.   Published online November 30, 2014

Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neurological disorder characterized by mental confusion, oculomotor dysfunction, and ataxia. It has been reported in individuals with alcohol dependence, hyperemesis gravidarum, and prolonged parenteral nutrition without vitamin supplementation. Here we present the case of a 13-year-old male patient with neuroblastoma and a history of poor oral intake and nausea for 3 months. After admission, he...

Review Article
Impact of attachment, temperament and parenting on human development
Yoo Rha Hong, Jae Sun Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(12):449-454.   Published online December 20, 2012

The purpose of this review is to present the basic concepts of attachment theory and temperament traits and to discuss the integration of these concepts into parenting practices. Attachment is a basic human need for a close and intimate relationship between infants and their caregivers. Responsive and contingent parenting produces securely attached children who show more curiosity, self-reliance, and independence....

Original Article
Mediating effect of perceived stigma against epilepsy on quality of life among parents with epileptic child
Nho Eun Kim, Sung Min Cho, Dong Wook Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1005-1014.   Published online September 15, 2009

Purpose:Epilepsy of child may cause high level of psychosocial difficulties for parents including stigmatization and stress and therefore worsen their quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediating effect of perceived stigma against epilepsy on QOL among parents with epileptic child. Methods:Two hundred and sixty parents of epileptic child recruited from five separated university...
Assessment of parental understanding of epilepsy and effects of educational programs in an epilepsy camp
Sung Min Cho, Soon Hak Kwon, Doo Kwun Kim, Jun Sik Kim, Han Koo Moon, Hye-Eun Se, Kye Hyang Lee, Eun Ju Lee, Jun Hwa Lee, Nho Eun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):549-556.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To assess parental knowledge and understanding of epilepsy including social stigma and evaluate the effects of educational programs on parents in an epilepsy camp. Methods : We conducted an epilepsy camp on August 23-24, 2008, at Gyeongsan. Twenty families with an epileptic child each participated in the camp. We performed a survey before and after the camp to...
Phenotype-genotype correlations and the efficacy of growth hormone treatment in Korean children with Prader-Willi syndrome
Keun Wook Bae, Jung Min Ko, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):315-322.   Published online March 15, 2008
Purpose : Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder, caused by the deletion of the paternally derived 15q11-13 region or the maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 (mUPD(15)). In this study, we compared phenotypic differences between those patients whose disease was caused by microdeletion and those caused by mUPD(15). In addition, a comparison of the efficacy of growth hormone...
Clinical outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched parental donor in childhood acute leukemia
Eun Young Cha, Moon Hee Lee, Jae Wook Lee, Young Joo Kwon, Dae Hyoung Lee, Young-Shil Park, Nak Gyun Chung, Dae Chul Jeong, Bin Cho, Hack Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(1):67-72.   Published online January 15, 2008
Purpose : In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) grafted from HLA-matched parents. Methods : Seven children with acute leukemia (4 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3 acute myeloid leukemia) in first complete remission received allogeneic HSCT from their respective parents at the St. Marys Hospital between April, 1999 and October,...
Erratum
A study of elementary school pupils using traditional herbal medicines
Young Joon Ahn
Accepted January 1, 1970  
Purpose : Traditional herbal medicines may be overused in Korea. Expenditures and inaccuracies of hospital prescription are increasing gradually. So we investigated the frequency and nature of herbal medicine use among elementary school pupils. Methods : We interviewed students of three elementary schools located in Gwangju with survey papers. We analyzed 905 returned surveys. Results : They consisted of 421 males...
Case Report
Two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy
Eun Jin Choi, Sub Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):298-301.   Published online March 15, 2007
Chylothorax is a rare complication following cardiac surgery for congenital heart diseases. Although conservative management is successful in the majority of cases, surgical intervention is required in a refractory one. Recently, subcutaneous or intravenous infusion of octreotide has been used as a safe treatment that helps avoiding surgical intervention. Herein, we report two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral...
Original Article
Comparison of total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis according to amino acid mixtures in very low birth weight infants
Jin-Sung Choi, Yun-Jin Bae, Young Ah Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(9):972-976.   Published online September 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of amino acid mixtures on incidence and severity of total parenteral nutrition associated-cholestasis(PNAC) in very low birth weight infants. Methods : Retrospective review of 63 very low birth weight infants(birth weight ≤1,500 g) who received total parenteral nutrition(TPN) in our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2000 to...
The diagnostic significance of serum bile acid on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants
Kyoung Soo Park, Myung Seok Shin, Mea Young Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):851-856.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the diagnostic significance of serum bile acid on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants. Methods : Infants without cholestasis were classified into postnatal days and each change of serum bile acid was measured and analyzed. Also, the serum direct bilirubin, serum bile acid, γ-glutamic acid transferase, and alkaline...
A survey of parental knowledge of vaccination
Jung Woo Rhim, Chang Hwi Kim, Won Bae Lee, Jin Han Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):251-257.   Published online March 15, 2006
Purpose : In this study, we created a questionnaire and collected answers concerning actual conditions of vaccination and parents' knowledge of vaccination issues, in order to find false knowledge of patients. We tried to give correct information and suggested the role of the pediatrician. Methods : We made questionnaires and collected answers from 466 parents from March 2004 to June...
Clinical features of children's brain tumors according to location
Seung Jeong Han, Yun Hee Kim, Young Se Kwon, Yong Hoon Jun, Soon Ki Kim, Byong Kwan Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):76-81.   Published online January 15, 2006
Purpose : This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of brain tumors in children according to their location, the parental delay and the doctor's delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of a pediatric brain tumor. In addition, this study compared the relationship between the pre-diagnostic symptomatic interval and the tumor location. Methods : A retrospective study was undertaken of...
Clinical Use and Complications of Percutaneous Central Venous Catheterization in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Hyang Kim, Sun Hui Kim, Hyung Suck Byun, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):953-959.   Published online September 15, 2005
Purpose : The administration of total parenteral nutrition(TPN) has become a standard procedure in the management of nutritionally deprived and critically low birth weight neonates. Sepsis remains the most frequent serious complication during TPN, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of percutaneous central venous catheterization(PCVC) in...
The Effect of Parenteral Nutrition and Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Early Neonatal Period on Bone Mineralization at the Time of Reaching 2 kg Body Weight in Premature Infants
Yun-Jin Lee, Su-Eun Park, Jae-Hong Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):368-372.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : To evaluate the effect of parenteral nutrition in early neonatal period on bone mineralization at the time of reaching 2 kg body weight in premature infants, bone mineral density(BMD) in infants who received long-term parenteral nutrition in the early neonatal period was measured and compared with infants who received enteral nutrition only. Methods : Twenty low birth weight infants(those...
Total Parenteral Nutrition-associated Cholestasis in Premature Infants
Kyung Pil Park, Se Young Kim, Heng Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(1):17-23.   Published online January 15, 2003
Purpose : Cholestasis is a major complication in prolonged use of TPN, especially in the neonatal period, but there are few long-term reviews examining the clinical course in premature infants. Thus, in this study, we reviewed premature infants with TPN-associated cholestasis(TPNAC) to determine the incidence, clinical courses and possible risk factors. Methods : Retrospective review of 66 premature infants less than...
A Comparative Study of Parental Stress in Families with Epileptic Children
Bo-Young Kim, Sung Min Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(10):1251-1262.   Published online October 15, 2002
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the stress of mothers and fathers in families with epileptic children, and to assess contributing factors to their stress. Methods : We used a family stress survey with 35 questionnaires to obtain data concerning the parents' perceived stress. Data were analyzed with SPSS 8.0 program using Pearson correlation coefficient, oneway ANOVA, and...
Effect of Parenteral Nutrition Guideline Changes on Neonatal Sepsis in Premature Infants
Chang-Ryul Kim, Jae-Won Oh, Myung-Kul Yum, Soo-Jee Moon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(6):620-626.   Published online June 15, 2001
Purpose : We hypothesized that decreased parenteral nutrition would lower the incidence of neonatal sepsis in premature infants. Methods : The study involves 223 premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Hanyang University Kuri Hospital from July 1995 to January 1999. Infants were divided into two groups based on different parenteral nutrition guidelines : Old...
Clinical Effects of Cyclic Parenteral Nutrition on Total Parenteral Nutrition Induced Cholestasis in Infants
Eun-Hee Chung, Kang Mo Ahn, Yun-Sil Chang, Won-Soon Park, Nam-Sun Beck, Jae-Hyun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(12):1689-1695.   Published online December 15, 1999
Purpose : This study was designed to assess the effects of cyclic parenteral nutrition(CP) on parenteral nutrition induced liver diseases. Methods : Before and after CP, data were collected on diagnosis, age, duration of parenteral nutrition, macronutrients and biochemical parameters. Initially parenteral nutrition was cycled off for 1-2 hours and the off-time was advanced by 0.5-1 hour daily over 1 week....
Case Report
A Case of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Early Infancy
Min Seong Kim, Jeong Nyun Kim, Bang Soon Kim, Hong Joo Kim, Myung Jae Chey, Churl Young Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(11):1594-1598.   Published online November 15, 1999
Toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN) is a bullous disorder affecting mainly basal layers of epidermis by hypersensitive reaction. It is rarely reported in infants under six months of age. It can be developed by drug, infection, and vaccination, which makes it difficult to differentiate from staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome(SSSS) especially in early infancy. We report a case of TEN in a 6-week-old...