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- Original article
- Efficacy of leuprolide acetate versus triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for treatment of central precocious puberty
- Thanaporn Thaneetrakool, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Vichit Supornsilchai, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, Khomsak Srilanchakon
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Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP) is typically treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Although numerous GnRH agonist variants are available, limited research has compared the efficacy of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate administered at 3-month intervals.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of CPP treatment with triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate administered at 3-month intervals. Methods: This retrospective cohort... -
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00822 [Accepted]
- Original Article
- Endocrinology
- Kisspeptin and DLK1 levels for monitoring treatment of girls with central precocious puberty
- Witchuwan Onsoi, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Vichit Supornsilchai, Khomsak Srilanchakon
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):296-302. Published online May 21, 2024
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Questions: Can the serum levels of kisspeptin and DLK1 be potential biomarkers for monitoring the treatments for central precocious puberty (CPP)?
Findings: There were no significant differences in the baseline serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels in CPP girls compared to girls with premature thelarche (PT). After 6 months of GnRH analogue treatment in CPP girls, median serum kisspeptin levels decreased, while median serum DLK1 levels increased compared to baseline.
Meanings: Serum levels of kisspeptin and DLK1 may serve as novel biomarkers for monitoring the efficacy of treatments for CPP.
- Review Article
- Endocrinology
- Genetic factors in precocious puberty
- Young Suk Shim, Hae Sang Lee, Jin Soon Hwang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):172-181. Published online October 18, 2021
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· Mutations in the kisspeptin (KISS1), kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3), and delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) genes are associated with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP).
· A few genes related to pubertal onset have been implicated in ICPP.
· Epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and noncoding ribonucleic acids may be related to ICPP
- Original Article
- Endocrinology
- Effect of agricultural pesticide on precocious puberty in urban children: an exploratory study
- Junghwan Suh, Han Saem Choi, Ahreum Kwon, Hyun Wook Chae, Ho-Seong Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):146-150. Published online December 6, 2019
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Question: Does agricultural pesticide effect precocious puberty in girls?
Finding: Dinotefuran, an insecticide of neonicotinoid class, was detected in one of 30 patients with precocious puberty, and in 2 girls of the normal control group, which was not statistically significant.
Meaning: There was no close relationship between agricultural pesticides and development of precocious puberty.
- The influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on anthropometric change in girls with central precocious puberty
- Jong Wan Yoon, Hyun A Park, Jieun Lee, Jae Hyun Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(12):395-402. Published online December 22, 2017
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Purpose The potential effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment on the weight of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) remains a controversy. We investigated anthropometric changes during and after GnRHa treatment among girls with CPP.
Methods This retrospective study evaluated data from 127 girls with CPP who received GnRHa treatment for ≥2 years. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) values were...
- Usefulness of pelvic ultrasonography for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls
- Jung Yu, Ha Young Shin, Sun Hee Lee, You Sung Kim, Jae Hyun Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(8):294-300. Published online August 21, 2015
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Purpose It is difficult to differentiate between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic usefulness of pelvic ultrasonography to distinguish between CPP and PT in girls with early breast development.
Methods This study included girls with early breast development who visited the clinic between January 2012 and December 2013. Clinical,...
- Review Article
- Long-term effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in girls with central precocious puberty
- Eun Young Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(1):1-7. Published online January 31, 2015
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) are widely used to treat central precocious puberty (CPP). The efficacy and safety of GnRHa treatment are known, but concerns regarding long-term complications are increasing. Follow-up observation results after GnRHa treatment cessation in female CPP patients up to adulthood showed that treatment (especially <6 years) was beneficial for final adult height relative to that of pretreated...
- Original Article
- Diagnosis and constitutional and laboratory features of Korean girls referred for precocious puberty
- Doosoo Kim, Sung-Yoon Cho, Se-Hyun Maeng, Eun Sang Yi, Yu Jin Jung, Sung Won Park, Young Bae Sohn, Dong-Kyu Jin
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(12):481-486. Published online December 20, 2012
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Purpose Precocious puberty is defined as breast development before the age of 8 years in girls. The present study aimed to reveal the diagnosis of Korean girls referred for precocious puberty and to compare the constitutional and endocrinological features among diagnosis groups.
Methods The present study used a retrospective chart review of 988 Korean girls who had visited a pediatric endocrinology clinic from...
LIN28B polymorphisms are associated with central precocious puberty and early puberty in girls- Sung Won Park, Seung-Tae Lee, Young Bae Sohn, Sung Yoon Cho, Se-Hwa Kim, Su Jin Kim, Chi Hwa Kim, Ah-Ra Ko, Kyung-Hoon Paik, Jong-Won Kim, Dong-Kyu Jin
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(10):388-392. Published online October 29, 2012
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Purpose Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within
LIN28B have been reported to be related to the timing of pubertal growth. However, no study has investigated the frequency of genetic markers in girls with precocious puberty (PP) or early puberty (EP). This study aimed to determine the frequency of putative genetic markers in girls with PP or EP.Methods Genomic DNAs were obtained from 77...
- Excess of leptin inhibits hypothalamic
KiSS-1 expression in pubertal mice - Sung Yeon Ahn, Sei Won Yang, Hee Jae Lee, Jong Seon Byun, Ji Yeon Om, Choong Ho Shin
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(9):337-343. Published online September 14, 2012
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Purpose Leptin has been considered a link between metabolic state and reproductive activity. Defective reproductive function can occur in leptin-deficient and leptin-excessive conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of centrally injected leptin on the hypothalamic KiSS-1 system in relation to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) action in the initial stage of puberty.
Methods Leptin (1 µg) was injected directly into...
- Review Article
- Effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development
- Shin Hye Kim, Mi Jung Park
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):265-271. Published online August 23, 2012
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Phytoestrogen is an estrogenic compound that occurs naturally in plants. The most common sources of phytoestrogen are soybean products, which contain high levels of isoflavones. This compound, which has structural similarity with estrogen, can act as an estrogen receptor agonist or antagonist. Animal studies provide evidence of the significant effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development, including altered pubertal timing, impaired...
- The genes associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-dependent precocious puberty
- Jin Soon Hwang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(1):6-10. Published online January 31, 2012
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Human puberty is a complex, coordinated biological process with multiple levels of regulations. The timing of puberty varies greatly in children and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The key genes of pubertal onset,
KISS1 ,GPR54 ,GNRH1 andGNRHR , may be major causal factors underlying gonadotropin-releasing hormone-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP). Two gain-of-function mutations inKISS1 andGPR54 have...
- Case Report
- Testicular adrenal rest tumors in a patient with untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Hye Young Jin, Jin Ho Choi, Gu Hwan Kim, Chung Sik Lee, Han Wook Yoo
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(3):137-140. Published online March 31, 2011
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Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are considered to be formed from aberrant adrenal tissue that has become hyperplastic because of elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). A 6-year-old boy presented with testicular enlargement and pubic hair. He was diagnosed with CAH complicated by precocious puberty. However, he was not followed-up. At the age of...
- A case of anemia caused by combined vitamin B12 and iron deficiency manifesting as short stature and delayed puberty
- Seung Min Song, Keun Wook Bae, Hoi-Soo Yoon, Ho Joon Im, Jong-Jin Seo
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(5):661-665. Published online May 31, 2010
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Anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from inadequate dietary intake is rare in children in the modern era because of improvements in nutritional status. However, such anemia can be caused by decreased ingestion or impaired absorption and/or utilization of vitamin B12. We report the case of an 18-year-old man with short stature, prepubertal sexual maturation, exertional dyspnea, and severe...
- Review Article
- Clinical application of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children and adolescents
- Ho-Seong Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):294-299. Published online March 15, 2010
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Although the increasing incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP) in Korea has recently raised public concerns about health and growth problems, there are many areas of uncertainty regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of CPP. In this paper, we review the definition of precocity, the assessment of CPP, and the hormonal abnormalities that support the diagnosis. In addition, we review... -
- Original Article
- A study of factors influencing advanced puberty
- Yong Jun Park, Chang Min Moon, Hwang Jae Yoo
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):146-151. Published online February 15, 2010
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Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the timing of puberty and the factors inducing advanced puberty in elemental school students of low grades. Methods : The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade elemental students from the Goyang province were randomly selected, and their sexual maturation rate was assessed by physical examination. After obtaining an informed consent, a questionnaire... -
- Analysis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test results in girls with precocious puberty
- Jung Yun Choi, Hyun-Ju Kang, Won Kyoung Cho, Kyoung Soon Kim, So Hyun Park, Seung Hoon Hahn, Min Ho Jung, Byung Kyu Suh, Byung Churl Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1377-1382. Published online December 15, 2009
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Purpose : The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test results of girls with precocious puberty were analyzed to determine whether this test can efficiently and clearly differentiate between central precocious puberty (CPP) and other disorders. Methods : Clinical and laboratory data of 54 girls with precocious pubertal signs were reviewed. Intravenous GnRH test was performed with blood samples obtained at 0, 30,... -
- Effect of GnRH analogue on the bone mineral density of precocious or early pubertal girls
- Jeong Sook Lim, Heon-Seok Han
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1370-1376. Published online December 15, 2009
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Purpose : Treatment of precocity with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) might theoretically exert a detrimental effect on the bone mass during pubertal development. We investigated the short-term changes in bone mineral density (BMD) during GnRHa treatment and the enhancement in the changes with the co-administration of GnRHa and human growth hormone (hGH). Methods : Forty girls with precocious or... -
- Review Article
- Growth and sex differentiation of children born small for gestational age
- Se Young Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):142-151. Published online February 15, 2009
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The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births is frequent, accounting for 2.3% to 8% of all live births. Several childhood and adult diseases are related to early postnatal growth and birth size, and 10% of children born SGA may have a short stature throughout postnatal life. Additionally, they may have abnormal growth hormone (GH)-insulin like growth factor axis,... -
- Original Article
- Effect of genistein on the sexual maturation in immature female rats
- Woocheol Lee, Sung-Ho Lee, Ryun-Sup Ahn, Mi Jung Park
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):111-118. Published online January 15, 2009
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Puopose : Exposure to dietary phytoestrogens such as genistein during early childhood is a growing public health concern. We examined the effect of early exposure to genistein on sexual maturation in immature rats. Methods : Weaning (3wk-old) Sprague-Dawley female rats were assigned to three groups (n=6 for each): fed by high dose of genistein (100 mg/kg/d), low dose of genistein... -
- A comparative study of the puberty suppression effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in precocious or early puberty girls
- Kye-Shik Shim, Chong-Woo Bae, You-Jung Yang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):634-639. Published online June 15, 2008
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Purpose : There has been considerable disagreement regarding the most appropriate dosage of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in cases of central precocious puberty. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage for suppression of the puberty in girls with central precocious or early puberty. Methods : Twenty-two girls with early puberty were randomly subjected to 3 types of dosages... -
- Growth promoting effect of combined gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue and growth hormone therapy in early pubertal girls with predicted low adult heights
- Eun-Jeong Hong, Heon-Seok Han
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):678-685. Published online July 15, 2007
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Purpose : Recent reports pointed out that gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) therapy alone is not so promising for improving adult height in precocious puberty. So, that we studied the growth promoting effect of combined therapy with GnRHa and growth hormone (GH) in early pubertal girls. Methods : Twenty three early pubertal girls (9.73?.59 yr) with predicted adult heights (PAH) below... -
- Growth promoting effect of short-term gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist with or without growth hormone in girls with early puberty
- Eun-Ju Lee, Heon-Seok Han
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(2):198-204. Published online February 15, 2007
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Purpose : The hope that arresting pubertal developement might increase final adult height has led to an attempt to use GnRH agonist (GnRHa) in children with early puberty and poor growth prognosis. We investigated the growth-promoting effect of GnRH agonists with or without growth hormone (GH) in girls with early puberty and decreased predicted adult height (PAH). Methods : Thirty five... -
- A study and the growth and the development of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Young Ah Lee, Kyong-Ah Yun, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(2):190-197. Published online February 15, 2007
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Purpose : Reduced growth and microvascular complications have been recognized as consequences of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We assessed the effect of T1DM on growth and factors associated with the development of microvascular complications. Methods : We conducted a retrospective longitudinal evaluation of 154 patients above 16 years of age. We analyzed factors which affect final height standard deviation scores... -
- Effect of GnRH analogue on predicted adult height in girls with early puberty
- Byung-Hoon Ahn, Heon-Seok Han
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):552-557. Published online May 15, 2006
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Purpose : The recent results observed in precocious puberty and the hope that interrupting puberty might increase adult height have led to an attempt to use GnRH agonist(GnRHa) in children with premature puberty and a poor growth prognosis. We aimed to analyze the growth promoting effect of GnRHa in girls with early puberty and low predicted adult height(PAH). Methods : Thirty... -
- The comparison of predicted adult height change and height gain after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and combined growth hormone treatment in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty
- Ji-Young Seo, In-Suk Yoon, Choong-Ho Shin, Sei-Won Yang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):305-311. Published online March 15, 2006
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Purpose : GnRH analogues(GnRHa) are used to treat central precocious puberty(CPP). However, in some patients, the GV decrease is so remarkable that it impairs predicted adult height(PAH); and there fore, the addition of growth hormone(GH) is suggested. We analysed the growth changes during two years and final adult height(FAH) in girls with idiopathic CPP treated with combined therapy, compared with... -
- The Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists on Final Height and its Related Factors in Patients with True Precocious Puberty
- Sung Yeon Ahn, Jae Ho Yoo, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(6):647-655. Published online June 15, 2004
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Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with GnRH agonists on final height(FH) and the influencing factors on height gains. Methods : Twenty-five girls and five boys with true precocious puberty, who were treated with GnRH agonists for more than one year and had attained final height, were evaluated retrospectively. We analysed auxological parameters... -
- Alteration of Bone Metabolism Markers According to the Progression of Puberty
- Seong Yong Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(2):140-149. Published online February 15, 2004
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Purpose : The object of this study is to evaluate bone metabolism in healthy adolescents according to the progression of puberty. Methods : Forty boys(13.9?.7 years) and 42 girls(12.1?.6 years) were classified by Tanner stage (TS) and bone age. Serum levels of osteocalcin(OC) and bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BALP) were measured as bone formation markers. Serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type... -
- Case Report
- A Case of True Precocious Puberty Complicating Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Su Jin Kim, Ju Suk Lee, Su Yung Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(4):400-403. Published online April 15, 2003
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH) is a recognized cause of precocious pseudopuberty. Some children with CAH also develop true precocious puberty with early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We review a case of CAH who eventually developed central precocious puberty nine months after initial treatment with corticosteroid. A 3-year-old boy visited complaining of rapid growth, a large penis and frequent penile erections.... -
- A Case of Hepatoblastoma with Precocious Puberty
- Chang Won Choi, Hyun Jin Park, Ki Woong Sung, Eun Sun Yoo, Hee Young Shin, Sei Won Yang, Hyo Seop Ahn
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(2):288-293. Published online February 15, 2000
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Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant liver tumor in childhood. Most cases are boys generally below three years of age. Hepatoblastoma are associated with various non-metastatic syndromes. Rarely, human chorionic gonadotropin may be produced by the tumor. Ectopic gonadotropin production from this source is a rare cause of precocious puberty in boys. Since a report by Behrendt in 1931,... -
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