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Original Article
Genetics and Metabolism
Interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Seham Mohamed Ragab, Wafaa Moustafa Abo ElFotoh, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy, Eman Abdelfatah Badr, Saara Khairat Ali Mostafa, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):465-473.   Published online July 24, 2024
· Polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonists may significantly affect the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
· IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms are correlated with severity and susceptibility to primary ITP in children.
Cardiology
Association of Toll-like receptor 2-positive monocytes with coronary artery lesions and treatment nonresponse in Kawasaki disease
Soo Jung Kang, Nam Su Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(7):208-215.   Published online July 31, 2017
Purpose

Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) present on circulating monocytes in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) can lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and interleukin-10 (IL-10). We aimed to determine the association of the frequency of circulating TLR2+/CD14+ monocytes (FTLR2%) with the outcomes of KD, as well as to compare FTLR2% to the usefulness of sIL-10.

Methods

The FTLR2% in patients...

Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and interleukin-31 levels, and the severity of atopic dermatitis in children
Bo Ram Cheon, Jeong Eun Shin, Yun Ji Kim, Jae Won Shim, Deok Soo Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Jung Yeon Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(3):96-101.   Published online March 20, 2015
Purpose

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory relapsing skin disorder. Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the development of AD, and interleukin (IL) 31 is known to be related to pruritus in AD. The aim of our study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are related to IL-31 levels or to the severity of AD.

Methods

We enrolled 91...

Serum interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in febrile seizures: is there a link?
Abolfazl Mahyar, Parviz Ayazi, Reza Orangpour, Mohammad Mahdi Daneshi-Kohan, Mohammad Reza Sarokhani, Amir Javadi, Morteza Habibi, Mousa Talebi-Bakhshayesh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(10):440-444.   Published online October 31, 2014
Purpose

Febrile seizures are induced by fever and are the most common type of seizures in children. Although numerous studies have been performed on febrile seizures, their pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. The present study was conducted to identify potential links between serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis...

Serum levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 as diagnostic markers of acute pyelonephritis in children
Abolfazl Mahyar, Parviz Ayazi, Mohammad Reza Maleki, Mohammad Mahdi Daneshi-Kohan, Hamid Reza Sarokhani, Hassan Jahani Hashemi, Mousa Talebi-Bakhshayesh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(5):218-223.   Published online May 28, 2013
Purpose

Early diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children is of special importance in order to prevent serious complications. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in children with acute pyelonephritis.

Methods

Eighty-seven patients between 1 month to 12 years old with urinary tract infection (UTI) were divided into 2 groups based on the...

Association between polymorphisms in Interleukin-17 receptor A gene and childhood IgA nephropathy
Seung-Ah Baek, Won-Ho Hahn, Byoung-Soo Cho, Sung-Do Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):215-221.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is produced by activated CD4+T cells and exhibits pleiotropic biological activity on various cell types. IL-17 was reported to be involved in the immunoregulatory response in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Our aim was to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) gene and childhood IgAN. Methods : We analyzed the SNPs in the...
Low T3 syndrome in Kawasaki disease: Relation to serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and NT-proBNP
Hye Kyung Cho, Jin A Sohn, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):234-241.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : We investigated the relationship between thyroid hormone and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6) and N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods : Serum levels of thyroid hormone, TNF-α, IL-6, and NT-proBNP were measured in 52 KD patients in the acute and subacute phase and 10 patients with acute...
Polymorphisms of interleukin-1β promoter in simple febrile seizures
Jang Won Yoon, Eun Jung Choen, Young Hyuk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(9):1007-1011.   Published online September 15, 2008
Purpose : Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common type of seizure. The role of genetic factors in FSs has long been recognized. A positive family history can be elicited in 25-40% of patients with FSs; nonetheless, the genes responsible for FSs in the majority of the population remain unknown. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that acts as an...
Cord blood IL-10, IL-12 in preterm newborns as predictors of respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Jee Yoon Park,, Ji Young Kim, Soo Jin Cho, Young Ju Kim, Hye sook Park, Eun Hee Ha, Eun Ae Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):248-254.   Published online March 15, 2007
Purpose : Inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RDS and BPD in the immature lung. We investigated the possible role of IL-10 and IL-12 in the cord blood of preterm newborns with RDS or BPD. Methods : Forty preterm newborns whose mothers received antenatal care at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between January 2003 to June 2005, and...
Relationship of serum IL-13 and eotaxin level with airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma
Eun Young Park, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):889-894.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : Asthma is characterized by the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR) and inflammation. The extensive eosinophil infiltration into the lung is the hallmark of asthma and contributes to the damage of respiratory epithelium during late phase airway responses. Eotaxin is the major eosinophil chemoattractant found in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid of allergic inflammation. IL-13 has been known to induce the...
Difference in the Transcriptional Activity of the Interleukin-4 Promoter Haplotypes
Eun Hwa Choi, Hee Sup Kim, Stephen J. Chanock, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):495-499.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Interleukin-4(IL-4) is a critical component of the Th2 cytokine pathway and contributes to severity of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) bronchiolitis. Previous studies observed an association between severe RSV bronchiolitis in Korean children with a common haplotype of the IL4 promoter. This study was performed to investigate functional differences of the variant IL4 promoter haplotypes. Methods : Genomic DNA was obtained...
The Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin(IVIG) and Methylprednisolone on the mRNAs Expressions of VEGF, VCAM-1 and IL-1β of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells(HUVEC) Stimulated by IL-1β
Soh Yeon Kim, Sun Jeong Lim, Ji Whan Han, Kyung Yil Lee, Joon Sung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(12):1325-1333.   Published online December 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) manifests a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology in young children. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of KD. Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) and methylprednisolone(MP) are therapeutically effective for KD, however, the precise mechanisms of the two drugs are still unknown. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of...
Effect of Histone H1 on Collagen Induced Arthritis in Mice
Jae Ho Yang, Kyung Mi Shin, Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):779-788.   Published online July 15, 2004
Objective : Besides the functions of histones in the nucleus of the cells, there is growing evidence that histones have many other extra-cellular or extra-nuclear functions, such as stabilizing axonemal microtubule of sea urchin sperm flagella. This microtule assembly function of the histone is similar to that of taxol, which has an effect of controlling joint inflammation. In this study,...
Comparison of Cytokine Expressions among Kawasaki Disease and Its Symptom-related Diseases
Ran Lee, So Hyun Park, Yu Jeong Kim, So Young Kim, Hyun Hee Kim, Wonbae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):567-573.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is an important acute febrile systemic vasculitis disease. Various cytokines have been studied to evaluate the pathogenesis of vascular injury. Some cytokines have been implicated for vascular injury, but there has been no direct evidence. We compared cytokine profiles of KD with Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP), and febrile infections. Methods : We investigated the serum concentrations of...
Cytokines in Neonatal Sepsis
Hye Jin Park, So Yeon Kim, Jun Hwa Lee, Eun Jin Choi, Jin Kyung Kim, Sang Gyung Kim, Hai Lee Chung, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):515-520.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : Maternal premature rupture of membrane(PROM) over 24 hours is a risk factor in neonatal sepsis and a main cause of administration to neonatal intensive care unit. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were studied to diagnose and treat early in newborn infants with sepsis and with a history of maternal PROM. Methods : Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), Interleukin-6(IL-6), Interleukin-8(IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were...
Effects of Intestinal Ischemia on Intestinal Mucosal Damage and Effects of Interleukin-10 in Young Murine Model
Young-Shil Park, Dong-Chul Kim, Chung-Sik Chun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):319-324.   Published online March 15, 2004
Purpose : Intestinal vascular ischemia is the most probable pathogenesis in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in prematures. The authors studied the histology of intestinal mucosal damage by clamping the superior mesenteric artery in 35 rats, and, analyzed the histologic scores between young rats(I) and adult rats(II) groups according to clamping times(15, 30 and 60 minutes) and compared the effect...
Tumor Vaccine Effect by IL-16 Gene Transfer into Murine Neuroblastoma Model
Hyun-Sang Cho, Chong Young Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(1):68-74.   Published online January 15, 2001
Purpose : Interleukin(IL)-16 is a potent chemoattractant factor for CD4＋ T cells, monocytes, and eosinophils. It up-regulates IL-2R on CD4＋ T lymphocytes and regulates the function of antigen presenting cells. We used retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of the human IL-16 gene into the neuro-2a cells, which is the murine neuroblastoma cell lines, to investigate whether locally secreted IL-16 might generate anti-tumor...
The Clinical Significance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-6 Levels in Viral Meningitis
Eun Joo Ju, In Chul Ahn, Jae Ho Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(4):496-501.   Published online April 15, 2000
Purpose : Cytokines found at a inflammatory site may be a good indicator of clinical severity of an infectious inflammatory disease. We assayed interleukin 6(IL-6) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) from patients affected with viral meningitis, and verified the relationship between IL-6 and inflammatory parameters and whether IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic marker in the diagnosis of viral meningitis. Methods...
Decrease of Plasma Th2 Cytokines by Interferon(IFN) -γ Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis
Geun Woong Noh, Woo Gill Lee, Dong Hee Cho, Ki Young Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(8):1128-1134.   Published online August 15, 1998
Purpose : Atopic dermatitis is characterized by reduced IFN-γ production and increased IL-4 production. As a result, IgE production increases in atopic dermatitis. In the previous studies, it was reported that recombinant IFN-γ therapy is effective in treatment of severe atopic dermatitis. In this study, changes of plasma IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 concentration by IFN-γ therapy were studied in...
Domonstration of in vivo and in vitro Changes of T Helper Lymphocytes by Using Cytokine Flow Cytometry
Yeom Kim, Youn Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(7):883-892.   Published online July 15, 1998
Changes of Interleukin-6 Level in Serum and CSF in Aseptic Meningitis
Moon Kyu Kim, Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(5):625-632.   Published online May 15, 1995
Purpose : Aseptic meningitis is an infection of CNS caused by virus and there are remarka-ble changes in endogenous cytokine level. Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic and multi-functional cyt-okine and plays a central role in host defense mechanisms. We studied the IL--6 level in serum and CSF with the patients of aseptic meningitis and investigated the relationship of IL-6 with C...
Significance of Urinary Interleukin 6 Level in Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis in Children
Byeong Ho Kang, No Hyun Kim, Woo Yeong Chung, Chul Ho Kim, Soon Yong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(7):900-905.   Published online July 15, 1994
By animal experiments in rat, it has been known that Interleukin-6(IL-6) is secreted from renal mesangial cells and is an autocrine growth factor for the proliferation of mesangial cells. According to these facts, several studies have been tried for its clinical usefulness by measuring their serum or urinary IL-6 in glomerulonephritis patients with mesangial proliferation. The authors measured urinary IL-6...
Studies on the Prognostic Marker in Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome
Byoung-Soo Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(7):906-912.   Published online July 15, 1993
Childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is often associated with hyper-sensitivity reactions and considered to be caused by immune dysfunction. The elevated serum IgE levels and atopic symptoms have been frequently associated in these patients. The present therapy for MCNS mainly depends on corticosteroids, alkylating agents such as chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin A (Cy-A). Howerver, frequent relapses and severe side effects...
Inteleukin-6 Level in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Young Nae Yim, Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(3):386-393.   Published online March 15, 1993
Systemic lupus erythematousus(SLE) is a disease affecting blood vessels and connective tissue, which are damaged by deposition of pathogenic autoantibodies and immune complexes.Although a complex disease, SLE provides a number of insights into autoimmune pathogenesis. Autoimmune disease, in general, is characterized by B cell hyperactivity which results in hypergammaglobulinemia and production of a variety of autoantibodies reactive to organ-nonspecific antigens...
The Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor Levels in Kawasaki Disease
Keum Chun Kim, Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(12):1657-1666.   Published online December 15, 1992
Kawasaki disease has been known as an acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome since 1967. But its definite pathophysiology still remains unclear. In order to study the immunologic basis for immunologic abnormalities in this disease, we studied the level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at the acute and convalescent phases of the disease, comparing...
The Interleukin-6 Level in Kawasak Disease
Moon Kyu Kim, Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(4):515-526.   Published online April 15, 1992
Kawasaki disease is an acute multisystemic disease affecting infants and children with prominent vasculitic features. Although there has been considerable progress in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, the inciting cause remains unclear. It has been noticed that there were many immunologic abnormalities during the acute stage of Kawasaki disease. In the pres-ent study, we studied serum interleukin-6(IL-6), C-reactive protein(CRP),...