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Original Article
The control of invasive Candida infection in very low birth weight infants by reduction in the use of 3rd generation cephalosporin
Yu Jin Chang, Il Rak Choi, Won Sub Shin, Jang Hoon Lee, Yun Kyung Kim, Moon Sung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(2):68-74.   Published online February 25, 2013
Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of new management policies on the incidence of invasive Candida infections

Methods

This observational study involved a retrospective analysis of the patients' medical records. In total, 99 very low birth weight infants, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Ajou University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011, were enrolled for the study. Period I,...

Effect of early postnatal neutropenia in very low birth weight infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension
Yang Hee Park, Gyung Min Lee, Jung Min Yoon, Enn Jung Cheon, Kyung Ok Ko, Yung Hyuk Lee, Jae Woo Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(12):462-469.   Published online December 20, 2012
Purpose

In this study, we aimed to investigate the perinatal clinical conditions of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) focusing on the effects of early postnatal neutropenia.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of 191 VLBW infants who were born at Konyang University Hospital, between March 2003 and May 2011. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics...

Case Report
A case of mucolipidosis II presenting with prenatal skeletal dysplasia and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism at birth
Ju Sun Heo, Ka Young Choi, Se Hyoung Sohn, Curie Kim, Yoon Joo Kim, Seung Han Shin, Jae Myung Lee, Juyoung Lee, Jin A Sohn, Byung Chan Lim, Jin A Lee, Chang Won Choi, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim, Beyong Il Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):438-444.   Published online November 23, 2012

Mucolipidosis II (ML II) or inclusion cell disease (I-cell disease) is a rarely occurring autosomal recessive lysosomal enzyme-targeting disease. This disease is usually found to occur in individuals aged between 6 and 12 months, with a clinical phenotype resembling that of Hurler syndrome and radiological findings resembling those of dysostosis multiplex. However, we encountered a rare case of an infant...

Original Article
Early neurodevelopment in very low birth weight infants with mild intraventricular hemorrhage or those without intraventricular hemorrhage
Il Rak Choi, Jang Hoon Lee, Moon Sung Park, Ji Yeon Kim, Kyu Hee Park, Gun-Ha Kim, So-Hee Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):414-419.   Published online November 23, 2012
Purpose

This study aimed to assess early development in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with mild intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or those without IVH and to identify the perinatal morbidities affecting early neurodevelopmental outcome.

Methods

Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II was used for assessing neurological development in 49 infants with a birth weight <1,500 g and with low grade IVH (≤grade II) or...

Case Report
Bronchial compression in an infant with isolated secundum atrial septal defect associated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
Sung-Hee Park, So Young Park, Nam Kyun Kim, Su-Jin Park, Han Ki Park, Young Hwan Park, Jae Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):297-300.   Published online August 23, 2012

Symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with isolated atrial septal defect (ASD) is rare during infancy. We report a case of isolated ASD with severe PAH in an infant who developed airway obstruction as cardiomegaly progressed. The patient presented with recurrent severe respiratory insufficiency and failure to thrive before the repair of the ASD. Echocardiography confirmed volume overload on...

Original Article
Continuous renal replacement therapy in neonates weighing less than 3 kg
Young Bae Sohn, Kyung Hoon Paik, Hee Yeon Cho, Su Jin Kim, Sung Won Park, Eun Sun Kim, Yun Sil Chang, Won-Soon Park, Yoon-Ho Choi, Dong-Kyu Jin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):286-292.   Published online August 23, 2012
Purpose

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is becoming the treatment of choice for supporting critically ill pediatric patients. However, a few studies present have reported CRRT use and outcome in neonates weighing less than 3 kg. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical application, outcome, and complications of CRRT in small neonates.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed in 8...

Birth statistics of high birth weight infants (macrosomia) in Korea
Byung-Ho Kang, Joo-Young Moon, Sung-Hoon Chung, Yong-Sung Choi, Kyung-Suk Lee, Ji-Young Chang, Chong-Woo Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):280-285.   Published online August 23, 2012
Purpose

The authors analyzed the trend from the birth-related statistics of high birth weight infants (HBWIs) over 50 years in Korea from 1960 to 2010.

Methods

We used 2 data sources, namely, the hospital units (1960's to 1990's) and Statistics Korea (1993 to 2010). The analyses include the incidence of HBWIs, birth weight distribution, sex ratio, and the relationship of HBWI to maternal...

Parental concerns about their premature infants' health after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit: a questionnaire survey for anticipated guidance in a neonatal follow-up clinic
Ji-Yun Cho, Juyoung Lee, Young Ah Youn, Soon Ju Kim, So Young Kim, In Kyung Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):272-279.   Published online August 23, 2012
Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate nursing information guideline according to corrected age, after investigating parents' concerns about the growth, development, and diseases of their premature infants after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods

The parents of premature infants (birth weight, <2,500 g; gestational age, <37 weeks) who went to a neonatal follow-up clinic after...

Review Article
Early childhood wheezing: various natural courses and their relationship to later asthma
Dong In Suh, Young Yull Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):259-264.   Published online August 23, 2012

Wheezing is one of the most frequent complaints that lead to the use of medical resources in younger children. Generally, wheezing is caused by bronchiolitis and resolves spontaneously without recurrence, but sometimes, wheezing can progress into asthma. Early data on the natural history of childhood wheezing was mostly obtained from retrospective reviews of medical records or from questionnaires, which made...

Original Article
Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in infants 3 months of age and younger
Eun Jung Lee, Yong Won Park, Young Mi Hong, Joon Sung Lee, Ji Whan Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(6):202-205.   Published online June 21, 2012
Purpose

This study investigated the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants ≤3-month-old.

Methods

To study the epidemiology of KD in Korea, data for 27,851 KD patients were collected on a 3-year basis between 2000 and 2008 in a retrospective survey. From this, data for 609 KD patients ≤3-month-old were analyzed and compared with the data for KD patients >3-month-old.

Results

The 609 KD patients...

Case Report
Successful pleurodesis with OK-432 in preterm infants with persistent pleural effusion
Jeong Eun Kim, Chul Lee, Kook In Park, Min Soo Park, Ran Namgung, In Kyu Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(5):177-180.   Published online May 21, 2012

OK-432 (picibanil) is an inactivated preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes that causes pleurodesis by inducing a strong inflammatory response. Intrapleural instillation of OK-432 has recently been used to successfully treat neonatal and fetal chylothorax. Here we report a trial of intrapleural instillation of OK-432 in two preterm infants who were born with hydrops fetalis and massive bilateral pleural effusion. Both cases...

PHACE association with intracranial, oropharyngeal hemangiomas, and an atypical patent ductus arteriosus arising from the tortuous left subclavian artery in a premature infant
Do-Hyun Kim, Jang Hwan Choi, Jung Ha Lee, Hee Sup Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(1):29-33.   Published online January 31, 2012

PHACE association is a rare neurocutaneous condition in which facial hemangiomas associate with a spectrum of posterior fossa malformations, arterial cerebrovascular anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies, and eye anomalies. We reported a case of PHACE association in a premature infant showing facial, intracranial, and oropharyngeal hemangiomas with evidence of the Dandy-Walker variant and complicated cardiovascular anomalies, including a right-sided aortic arch and...

Review Article
Changes in the neonatal and infant mortality rate and the causes of death in Korea
Sung-Hoon Chung, Yong-Sung Choi, Chong-Woo Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(11):443-455.   Published online November 30, 2011

Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) or infant mortality rate (IMR) are the rate of deaths per 1,000 live births at which babies of either less than four weeks or of one year of age die, respectively. The NMR and IMR are commonly accepted as a measure of the general health and wellbeing of a population. Korea's NMR and IMR fell significantly...

The changing trends in live birth statistics in Korea, 1970 to 2010
Jae Woo Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(11):429-435.   Published online November 30, 2011

Although Korean population has been growing steadily during the past four decades, the nation is rapidly becoming an aging society because of its declining birth rate combined with an increasing life expectancy. In addition, Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world due to fewer married couples, advanced maternal age, and falling birth rate. The prevalence of...

Case Report
Acute treatment of hyperammonemia by continuous renal replacement therapy in a newborn patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Hyo Jeong Kim, Se Jin Park, Kook In Park, Jin Sung Lee, Ho Sun Eun, Ji Hong Kim, Jae Il Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(10):425-428.   Published online October 31, 2011

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is well known as the most common inherited disorder of the urea cycle, and 1 of the most common causes of hyperammonemia in newborns. We experienced a case of a 3-day-old boy with OTC deficiency who appeared healthy in the first 2 days of life but developed lethargy and seizure soon afterwards. His serum ammonia level...

Review Article
An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
Jang Hoon Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(9):368-372.   Published online September 30, 2011

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birth-weight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental delays. The most important etiology in the pathogenesis of NEC...

Optimal oxygen saturation in premature infants
Meayoung Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(9):359-362.   Published online September 30, 2011

There is a delicate balance between too little and too much supplemental oxygen exposure in premature infants. Since underuse and overuse of supplemental oxygen can harm premature infants, oxygen saturation levels must be monitored and kept at less than 95% to prevent reactive oxygen species-related diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. At the same time, desaturation below...

Case Report
Masticator space abscess in a 47-day-old infant
Eunhee Kim, Ju Hee Jeon, Yoon Hee Shim, Kyu-Seok Lee, So Young Kim, Eun Ryoung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(8):350-353.   Published online August 31, 2011

A 47-day-old male infant presented with fever, poor oral intake, irritability, and right-sided bluish buccal swelling. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck showed a round mass lesion of about 2.0×1.5 cm that suggested abscess formation in the right masticator space. Ultrasound-guided extraoral aspiration of the abscess at the right masseter muscle was successful. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in the culture...

Idiopathic severe hypermagnesemia in an extremely low birth weight infant on the first day of life
Hye Sun Hyun, Hyun Sin Choi, Jin Kyu Kim, So Yoon Ahn, Hey Soo Yoo, Eun Sun Kim, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(7):310-312.   Published online July 31, 2011

A preterm female infant born at 27 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 990 g developed acute hypotonia, apnea, hypotension and bradycardia mimicking septic shock syndrome at 14h after birth. Laboratory tests indicated a severe hypermagnesemia of 45 mg/dL. The renal function, complete blood count and maternal blood concentrations of magnesium were normal, and the blood cultures were...

Original Article
Clinical features of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma
Eun Hee Kim, Kyung Nam Koh, Meerim Park, Bo Eun Kim, Ho Joon Im, Jong Jin Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(6):260-266.   Published online June 30, 2011
Purpose

Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) is the most common type of hepatic vascular tumor in infancy. We conducted this study to review our clinical experience of patients with IHHE and to suggest management strategies.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 23 IHHE patients (10 males, 13 females) treated at the Asan Medical Center between 1996 and 2009.

Results

Median age at diagnosis was...

Outcomes of small for gestational age micropremies depending on how young or how small they are
Hee Joon Yu, Eun Sun Kim, Jin Kyu Kim, Hye Soo Yoo, So Yoon Ahn, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(6):246-252.   Published online June 30, 2011
Purpose

The outcomes of small for gestational age (SGA) infants especially in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) are controversial. This study evaluated the mortality and morbidity of ELBWIs, focusing on whether or not they were also SGA.

Methods

The medical records of 415 ELBWIs (birth weight <1,000 g), who were inborn and admitted to the Samsung Medical Center neonatal intensive care unit...

Review Article
Excessive crying: behavioral and emotional regulation disorder in infancy
Joon Sik Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(6):229-233.   Published online June 30, 2011

In the pediatric literature, excessive crying has been reported solely in association with 3-month colic and is described, if at all, as unexplained crying and fussing during the first 3 months of life. The bouts of crying are generally thought to be triggered by abdominal colic (over-inflation of the still immature gastrointestinal tract), and treatment is prescribed accordingly. According to...

Case Report
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by a de novo ABCC8 gene mutation
Jung Hyun Kong, June Bum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(4):179-182.   Published online April 30, 2011

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare form of diabetes mellitus that presents within the first 6 months of life with remission in infancy or early childhood. TNDM is mainly caused by anomalies in the imprinted region on chromosome 6q24; however, recently, mutations in the ABCC8 gene, which encodes sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), have also been implicated in TNDM....

A case of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 with a mutation in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene
Se Eun Lee, Yun Hye Jung, Kyoung Hee Han, Hyun Kyung Lee, Hee Gyung Kang, Il Soo Ha, Yong Choi, Hae Il Cheong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(2):90-93.   Published online February 28, 2011

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare form of mineralocorticoid resistance characterized in newborns by salt wasting with dehydration, hyperkalemia and failure to thrive. This disease is heterogeneous in etiology and includes autosomal dominant PHA1 owing to mutations of the NR3C2 gene encoding the mineralocorticoid receptor, autosomal recessive PHA1 due to mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) gene, and...

Original Article
A study on the measurement of the nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) count based on birth weight and its correlation with perinatal prognosis in infants with very low birth weights
Tae Hwan Kil, Ji Yeon Han, Jun Bum Kim, Gyeong Ok Ko, Young Hyeok Lee, Kil Young Kim, Jae Woo Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(2):69-78.   Published online February 28, 2011
Purpose

The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the mean nRBC count in very low births weight infants (VLBWIs) and to determine the usefulness of the nRBC as an independent prognostic factors of perinatal complications in VLBWIs.

Methods

This study was conducted on 112 VLBWIs who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the author's hospital within the...

Clinical outcome of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in small children weighing 10 kg or less
Young A Park, Nam Kyun Kim, Su-Jin Park, Bong Sic Yun, Jae Young Choi, Jun Hee Sul
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(12):1012-1017.   Published online December 31, 2010
Purpose

Transcatheter closure has become an effective therapy in most patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). However, there are difficulties in transcatheter closure of PDA in small children. We reviewed clinical outcomes of transcatheter closure of PDA in children weighing less than 10 kg in a single center.

Methods

Between January 2003 and December 2009, 314 patients with PDA underwent transcatheter closure in...

What is the 'objective' differential factor of diarrhea in infancy?: Normal state versus diarrheal illness in infants with chronic frequent and loose stool
Jin-Bok Hwang, Kyung Ji Kang, Jung Jeung Lee, Ae Suk Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(12):1006-1011.   Published online December 31, 2010
Purpose

This study aimed to identify 'objective' differential factors for normal frequent loose stool (NFLS) and diarrheal illness with dehydration and nutritional deficiency (DIDN) among infants with chronic frequent loose stool (CFLS).

Methods

Data were analyzed from infants under 2 years of age with CFLS who had been transferred from general pediatricians. These 46 patients were divided into 2 groups (NFLS versus DIDN)....

Case Report
Bloody nipple discharge in an infant
Ji Yeon Seo, Sang Jeong Kim, Soon Joo Lee, Eun Song Song, Young Jong Woo, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(10):917-920.   Published online October 31, 2010

Although milky nipple discharge appears frequently in infants, bloody nipple discharge is a very rare finding. We experienced a 4-month-old, breast-fed infant who showed bilateral bloody nipple discharge with no signs of infection, engorgement, or hypertrophy. The infant's hormonal examination and coagulation tests were normal, and an ultrasound examination revealed mammary duct ectasia. The symptoms resolved spontaneously within 6 weeks...

Testicular torsion in the inguinal region in an extremely low birth weight infant
Yu Jin Jung, Jae Min Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(9):852-854.   Published online September 13, 2010

Testicular torsion is rare in newborn infants. However, its frequency has increased, most of which are reported in full-term infants. We diagnosed and treated testicular torsion in an extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI). A 2×2 cm red mass was palpable in the left groin of a 24-week-old, 745 g, male newborn at 23 days of age. Left testicular torsion...

Successful treatment by exchange transfusion of a young infant with sodium nitroprusside poisoning
Jong Geun Baek, Hoar Lim Jeong, Ji Sook Park, Ji Hyun Seo, Eun Sil Park, Jae Young Lim, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Shang Youn, Jung Sook Yeom
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(8):805-808.   Published online August 31, 2010

Although sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is often used in pediatric intensive care units, cyanide toxicity can occur after SNP treatment. To treat SNP-induced cyanide poisoning, antidotes such as amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and hydroxycobalamin should be administered immediately after diagnosis. Here, we report the first case of a very young infant whose SNP-induced cyanide poisoning was successfully treated by...



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