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"Most viewed" Articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last six month.
- Editorial
- General Pediatrics
- Adiposity rebound in early childhood: understanding body mass index percentiles and monitoring on growth charts to be healthy
(2,832 times)
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Sochung Chung
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):301-303. Published online April 1, 2026
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Height, weight, and body mass index percentiles should be tracked in routine childhood health checkups to address the age of adiposity rebound in early childhood. Comprehensive interventional lifestyle counselling in primary practice after growth and nutritional status assessments might be an early, effective strategy for preventing obesity and decreasing the double burden of disease in later life. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cooperative and supportive health care system. |
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- Original Article
- Infection
- Clinical, biochemical, and genetic study of TACE/TNF-α/ACE signaling pathway in pediatric COVID-19 infection
(2,804 times)
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Ahmed El-Abd Ahmed, Sawsan M.A. Abuhamdah, Mohammed H. Hassan, Nagwan I. Rashwan, Eman A. Abd-Elmawgood, Haggagy Mansour, Hoda S. Sherkawy, Shymaa G. Rizk
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):704-717. Published online November 27, 2024
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Question: Is the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (TNF-α-converting enzyme [TACE]/TNF-α/angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE]) involved in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection?
Finding: Significantly increased circulating TACE/TNF-α and decreased ACE2 levels were noted. TNF-α-308G/A plays a significant role in susceptibility to COVID-19 infection among children. The ACE (I/D) (rs4646994) and ACE2 (rs2285666) single nucleotide polymorphisms lack significant associations with pediatric COVID-19 infection.
Meaning: The TNF signaling pathway participates in pediatric COVID-19 infection. |
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- Gastroenterology
- Somatic symptom severity during acute illnesses among children with functional gastrointestinal disorders
(2,804 times)
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Rattanachart Sirinil, Anundorn Wongteerasut
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):587-593. Published online March 11, 2025
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Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are associated with various somatic symptoms measured using a visual analogue scale and the Children’s Somatic Symptoms Inventory-24 questionnaire. Children with FGIDs exhibited more significant somatic symptoms than controls during acute illnesses. Gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI manifestations are significantly more common in children with FGIDs. |
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- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Efficacy and safety of home-based fiberoptic blanket versus hospital-based light-emitting diode phototherapy for neonatal jaundice: a retrospective cohort study from Thailand
(2,773 times)
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Chayatat Ruangkit, Thanyathorn Thaninjeerawat, Saitarn Klaidangklum, Saowalak Prasopa, Pongsakorn Atiksawedparit, Sasivimon Soonsawad
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(8):655-664. Published online July 1, 2026
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Question: Is a home-based fiberoptic phototherapy blanket as effective and safe as hospital-based overhead light-emitting diode phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal jaundice?
Finding: Home phototherapy (HPT) resulted in a slower bilirubin reduction rate than inpatient phototherapy (IPT); however, both modalities achieved the therapeutic targets without phototherapy-related complications.
Meaning: With careful patient selection, structured monitoring, and reliable follow-up, HPT is a safe and feasible alternative to IPT for neonatal jaundice. |
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- Clinical Note
- Gastroenterology
- Abdominal pain in a young girl: a twist in the tale
(2,764 times)
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Upasana Ghosh, Ankit Agrawal, Umesh Shukla, Vikas Jain, Deeksha Bhalla
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):395-397. Published online March 11, 2025
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· Chronic abdominal pain caused by a gastric trichobezoar is extremely rare among children.
· An indentable epigastric mass is characteristic and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is diagnostic of a gastric trichobezoar.
· Symptomatic large trichobezoars usually require surgery.
· Neuropsychiatric disorders are often associated with gastric trichobezoar, making a psychiatric evaluation of paramount importance. |
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- Original Article
- Gastroenterology
- Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide versus room-air insufflation in pediatric colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
(2,761 times)
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Ajay Aravind, Ujjal Poddar, Anshu Srivastava, Moinak Sen Sarma
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):594-600. Published online March 11, 2025
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CO2 insufflation has been used instead of air insufflation to reduce postprocedure pain and discomfort in adults; however, adequately powered studies in children are scarce. This randomized controlled trial of 200 children showed that CO2 insufflation reduces postprocedure pain and discomfort during pediatric colonoscopy with no signs of CO2 retention. CO2 insufflation is safe and causes less pain in children. |
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- Review Article
- Nutrition
- The Korea Infant Physical Growth Examination Survey (KIPGroS): a study protocol
(2,735 times)
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Jong Woo Hahn, MinSoo Shin, Jin Gyu Lim, Yoon-Joo Kim, Ki Soo Kang, Narae Lee, Seong Hee Jeong, Mun Hui Jeong, Yeoun Joo Lee, Eui Kyung Choi, Jung Ok Shim, Jee Yoon Park, Chan-Wook Park, Joo Young Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Young Hwa Jung, Jaehyun Kim, Chang Won Choi, Ju Whi Kim, Seung Han Shin, Yun Jeong Lee, Young Ah Lee, Choong-Ho Shin, Seung-sik Hwang, Young Eun Kim, Youn Ha Kang, Kyungwon Oh, Sungha Yun, Jae Sung Ko, Jin Soo Moon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):352-358. Published online February 13, 2025
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The suitability of World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts for assessing the growth of children under 3 years of age in all countries remains controversial, and their applicability must be evaluated based on country-specific growth data. The Korea Infant Physical Growth Examination Survey evaluated the suitability of WHO growth charts to contribute to the next revision of growth charts in Korea. |
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- Original Article
- Nephrology (Genitourinary)
- Assessing kidney outcomes in childhood-onset lupus nephritis: role of National Institutes of Health-modified histological indices
(2,729 times)
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Nuanpan Penboon, Pornpimol Rianthavorn
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(2):130-139. Published online October 23, 2025
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Question: In children with proliferative lupus nephritis, do National Institutes of Health-modified indices and treatment choices predict long-term kidney function?
Finding: Higher chronicity index scores, especially tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, predicted kidney impairment. Additionally, the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for maintenance therapy was associated with a lower risk of kidney function decline.
Meaning: The early recognition of chronic lesions and MMF-based maintenance therapy may improve kidney outcomes in childhood-onset lupus nephritis. |
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- Review Article
- Gastroenterology
- Neonatal ichthyosis-sclerosing cholangitis syndrome caused by a novel CLDN1 mutation: a case report and literature review
(2,717 times)
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Upasana Ghosh, Ankit Agrawal, Varunvenkat M. Srinivasan, Rani Manisha, Umesh Shukla, Vikas Jain, Mayank Nilay, Harish Kumar
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):858-867. Published online October 2, 2025
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· Neonatal ichthyosis-sclerosing cholangitis (NISCH) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cholestasis and manifestations such as generalized ichthyosis, alopecia, and dental anomalies.
· The clinical features of NISCH syndrome are distinct and necessitate an early genetic diagnosis.
· The disease phenotype can vary significantly, ranging from no liver involvement and transient neonatal cholestasis to end-stage liver disease.
· Management requires a multidisciplinary approach with long-term follow-up. |
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- Original Article
- Genetics and Metabolism
- Interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia
(2,702 times)
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Seham Mohamed Ragab, Wafaa Moustafa Abo ElFotoh, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy, Eman Abdelfatah Badr, Saara Khairat Ali Mostafa, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):465-473. Published online July 24, 2024
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· Polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonists may significantly affect the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
· IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms are correlated with severity and susceptibility to primary ITP in children. |
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- Endocrinology
- Anthropometric trajectories of Korean children and adolescents with severe obesity
(2,680 times)
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Jeongho Han, Hakyung Lee, Dong Jun Ha, Jieun Lee, Yong Hee Hong, Hwa Young Kim, Jaehyun Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(6):508-517. Published online April 10, 2026
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Question: How do body mass index (BMI) and metabolic markers change over time in severely obese Korean children and adolescents receiving only lifestyle modifications?
Finding: Among 124 participants, BMI z scores decreased modestly over 2.6 years, primarily in younger prepubertal boys. However, most remained severely obese, with minimal improvement in body composition or metabolic markers.
Meaning: Lifestyle interventions alone have limited efficacy for severe pediatric obesity. Early and more intensive treatments are required. |
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- Oncology
- HLA‒B*58:01 and skin reactions in pediatric hematology and oncology patients treated with allopurinol
(2,671 times)
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Parisa Maneechai, Cholada Ratanatharathron, Jassada Buaboonam, Kleebsabai Sanpakit
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):974-980. Published online October 2, 2025
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Question: Does human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–B*58:01 increase the risk of cutaneous reactions in pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases receiving allopurinol?
Finding: : Of 108 patients, 17.6% carried HLA–B*58:01 but none developed skin reactions. The only rash occurred in an HLA-B*58:01–negative patient.
Meaning: Short-duration allopurinol may mitigate severe cutaneous adverse reaction risk regardless of genotype. Routine HLA-B*58:01 screening may be unnecessary in pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases briefly receiving allopurinol. |
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- Original Article
- Allergy
- Can a basophil activation test of cord blood predict a cow's milk allergy?
(2,651 times)
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Dilara Fatma Kocacik Uygun, Durmuş Burgucu, Vedat Uygun, Gül Alkan Bulbul, Fulden Duyar, Cem Yasar Sahnal, Aysen Bingöl
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(3):257-265. Published online January 20, 2026
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Question: Can a basophil activation test (BAT) of cord blood predict a cow's milk allergy?
Finding: Infants with a high casein-BAT value were more likely to develop food allergy symptoms in the first year, whereas cow’s milk BAT showed no predictive association.
Meaning: Cord blood casein BAT may help identify newborns at increased risk for early-life food allergies, enabling closer monitoring and preventive strategies, although larger studies are needed for validation. |
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- Nutrition
- Success rates of conservative treatment and optimal surgical timing for pediatric chylothorax
(2,601 times)
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Pakwan Kaewchusen, Narumon Densupsoontorn, Supaluck Kanjanauthai, Puthita Saengpanit
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):871-878. Published online August 6, 2025
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Question: What is the success rate of conservative treatment for pediatric chylothorax, and when should surgical intervention be employed?
Finding: Overall success rate of conservative treatment was 83.3%. Surgically related etiologies and lower peak pleural fluid drainage rates were significantly associated with successful conservative management of pediatric chylothorax.
Meaning: If chylous drainage persists at ≥10 mL/kg/day beyond 2 weeks of optimal conservative treatment, surgical intervention should be considered. |
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- Differential effects of dietary and physical activity interventions on adiposity of children with obesity
(2,597 times)
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Anekchoke Tangtongsoong, Chonnikant Visuthranukul, Yuda Chongpison, Sirinuch Chomtho
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):370-378. Published online February 3, 2025
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Question: How do dietary intake and physical activity affect body mass index (BMI) z scores and adiposity among children with obesity?
Finding: Higher dietary protein and fiber intakes were significantly associated with a decrease in BMI z scores and adiposity among children with obesity.
Meaning: Optimizing dietary interventions by focusing on protein and fiber intakes could be an effective strategy for managing childhood obesity. |
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- Editorial
- Neurology
- Limited improvement in outcomes of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome despite therapeutic advances
(2,595 times)
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Donghwa Yang
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):384-385. Published online April 28, 2026
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· Despite advances in treatment, infantile epileptic spasms syndrome remains associated with poor long-term epilepsy and developmental outcomes.
· Improved seizure control alone may not be sufficient, underscoring the need for early diagnosis and etiology-driven management strategies. |
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- Original Article
- Gastroenterology
- Longitudinal analysis of gut microbiota dysbiosis and bacterial signatures predictive of postoperative enterocolitis in children with Hirschsprung disease
(2,592 times)
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Sireekarn Chantakhow, Chanon Kunasol, Jiraporn Khorana, Kanokkan Tepmalai, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(3):214-227. Published online December 10, 2025
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Question: Do gut microbiota differ between patients with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and healthy children, and can specific bacterial taxa predict postoperative HSCRassociated enterocolitis (HAEC)?
Finding: Patients with HSCR showed gut dysbiosis with reduced diversity. Postoperative microbial changes included increased alpha diversity. Certain taxa, such as Eubacterium and Collinsella, were associated with recovery or HAEC.
Meaning: Distinct microbial signatures may help identify HAEC risk and guide microbiota-based strategies to improve outcomes. |
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- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Association between base excess levels and clinical outcomes among very low birth weight infants: a multicenter birth cohort study in South Korea
(2,587 times)
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Ji Yoo Kim, Hyeon Jin Kim, Heeyoon Choi, Minji Kim, Jinseok Lee, Yong Sung Choi, Dong Keon Yon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(7):555-562. Published online May 21, 2026
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Question: Is metabolic acidosis at birth in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) associated with long-term clinical outcomes?
Finding: Metabolic acidosis at birth was associated with increased mortality, adverse respiratory outcomes, neurological morbidities, and infection-related and gastrointestinal outcomes.
Meaning: VLBWIs with metabolic acidosis are at high risk of systemic complications. This finding emphasizes the need for close monitoring and comprehensive care. |
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- Hematology
- Impact of Xmn1 polymorphism on hydroxyurea therapy in children with HbE-β non-transfusion dependent thalassemia: a cohort study
(2,584 times)
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Saheli Roy, Paramita Bhattacharya, Atanu Kumar Dutta, Mrinal Kanti Das
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):437-444. Published online February 3, 2025
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Question: Does the T allele of Xmn1 polymorphism favorably influence hydroxyurea efficacy in children of Eastern descent with fetal hemoglobin (HbE)-β nontransfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT)?
Finding: Decrease in transfusion requirement and increase in height following hydroxyurea therapy was noted in both groups, however, change in CT was more critical than that in CC genotype.
Meaning: T allele of Xmn1 polymorphism favorably influences hydroxyurea efficacy in children with HbE-β NTDT. |
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- Editorial
- Neurology
- Tocilizumab as a key therapeutic option in high-risk pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy
(2,578 times)
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Jon Soo Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(2):114-116. Published online January 26, 2026
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· Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a severe, infection- triggered encephalitis driven primarily by cytokine- mediated immune dysregulation rather than direct viral cytotoxicity.
· Tocilizumab, through targeted inhibition of interleukin-6 signaling, is an important therapeutic option for ANE that may improve survival and neurological outcomes of high-risk pediatric patients. |
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- Review Article
- Neurology
- Role of nonpharmacological concussion management in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials
(2,573 times)
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Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan, Alvin Ivander, Rr. Suzy Indharty, Steven Tandean, Anastasia Grace Milenia Ginting, Masrini Ginting, Felix Khosasi, Elbert
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):569-579. Published online October 28, 2024
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The long-term effects of concussion for pediatric patient remains unclear. Children and teenagers do not experience or recover from concussion in the same manner as adults do. Concussions can cause a variety of anatomical and functional alterations. Nonpharmacological approach in pediatric concussion management is an understudied field of research with significant ability to affect prognosis and quality of life. Active rehabilitation and occupational therapy were especially promising. |
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- Original Article
- Pulmonology
- Impact of obesity on pulmonary function of preschool children: an impulse oscillometry study
(2,568 times)
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Anuvat Klubdaeng, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Apinya Palamit, Pawinee Charoensittisup, Khunphon Mahoran
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):319-325. Published online November 13, 2024
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Question: Does obesity in preschool children affect lung function, and which obesity indices can predict such alterations?
Finding: Preschool children with obesity exhibit impaired lung function characterized by elevated total and peripheral airway resistance. Waist-to-height ratio was the strongest predictor of such changes.
Meaning: Early obesity prevention and treatment are needed. Monitoring waist-to-height ratio, body weight, and body mass index may help identify children at risk of altered lung function. |
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- Oncology
- Prognostic role of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin in predicting infection in pediatric cancer with febrile neutropenia
(2,557 times)
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Seham M. Ragab, Sara Mahmoud El-Deeb, Ahmed Saeed, Asmaa A. Mahmoud
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):445-453. Published online January 13, 2025
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· Infection remains a leading cause of death in febrile neutropenia (FN).
· Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-ProADM) levels are higher among patients with FN and a bacterial infection.
· A longer FN duration and hospital stay length as well as elevated C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and MR-ProADM levels are significant risk factors for mortality. |
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- Gastroenterology
- Distinct age-dependent phenotypes of abnormal liver function tests derived from national Emergency Department data
(2,556 times)
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Dong-Uk Kim, Shinjie Choi, Yeji Kim, Lia Kim, Jung Ok Shim, Jin Soo Moon, Jong Woo Hahn, Hye Ran Yang, Ju Young Chang, Jae Sung Ko
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(7):563-571. Published online May 14, 2026
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Question: What are the clinical phenotypes and pathogen associations of pediatric and adult Emergency Department visits for abnormal liver function tests?
Finding: Pediatric visits showed fever-predominant profiles with temporal correlations with respiratory viruses, whereas adult visits revealed population-level temporal associations between enteric pathogens and infectious gastroenteritis, upper gastrointestinal disorders, and metabolic comorbidity clustering.
Meaning: These findings provide novel population-level evidence of age-specific pathogen associations and support distinct age-stratified clinical diagnostics. |
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- Erratum: Authour correciton
- Author correction: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 for preventing allergic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases in young children in China: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
(2,553 times)
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Ke Chen, Xi Zhang, Kaihong Zeng, Jiayi Zhong, Shanshan Jin, Yang Nie, Ping Yang, Nianyang He, Haixia Chen, Yanmei Cao, Yunrong Fu, Ziji Fang, Wei Jiang, Changqi Lium
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):455-455. Published online April 28, 2026
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