Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Perspective

Infection

Statement on healthcare system preparedness in response to COVID-19 Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5 surge in Korea from the Korean Pediatric Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Eun Young Cho, Dong Hyun Kim, Soo-Han Choi, Ki Wook Yun, Jong Gyun Ahn, Hye-Kyung Cho, Hyunju Lee, Jina Lee, Taek-Jin Lee, Byung-Wook Eun, Jin Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Yun-Kyung Kim, Yae-Jean Kim; Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):510-511. Published online September 23, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

In order to respond to the recent surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and the continuously changing epidemiology of COVID-19, a sustainable and flexible pediatric healthcare system must be prepared considering the specificity of pediatric care. We demand a more proactive response from the health authorities to check the current state of pediatric COVID-19 patient care and to ensure that pediatric patients receive appropriate and timely management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01088

Review Article

Critical Care Medicine

Ferritin in pediatric critical illness: a scoping review

Ivy Cerelia Valerie, Anak Agung Sagung Mirah Prabandari, Dyah Kanya Wati

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):98-109. Published online September 16, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 4

The number of studies on ferritin predictive ability in pediatric critical illness has grown exponentially over the past 2 decades. However, among the 66 of 1,580 studies analyzed here, summary statistics for overall and condition-specific studies were only reported in 45.4% and 71.2%, respectively. In contrast, ferritin as a categorical variable with a preset threshold was a significant predictor in 84.6% of studies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00654

Editorial

Neurobehavior

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on children’s health

Joon Won Kang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):498-499. Published online September 16, 2022

· Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an enormous impact on mental health and other aspects of children’s health.
· The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents have increased in the COVID-19 era.
· Cooperation among parents, guardians, academic societies, and the government is needed to maintain the mental health of children and adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00682

Emergency Medicine

Current diagnosis and image-guided reduction for intussusception in children: teamwork approach

Ji-Hyun Seo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):66-67. Published online September 1, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· The successful and safe enema reduction of intussusception depends primarily on the experience and preference of the radiologists and the availability of resources.
· The establishment of a standardized manual or protocol for reduction and pre-reduction treatment of intussusception, along with the collaboration of pediatricians, radiologists, and surgeons, is expected to improve the treatment success rate.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00927

Letter to the Editor

Cardiology

Early prophylaxis of cardiomyopathy with beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Heirim Lee, Jinyoung Song, I-Seok Kang, June Huh, Jin A Yoon, Yong Beom Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):507-509. Published online August 22, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00836

Original Article

Neurobehavior

Association between previous abortion history and risk of autism spectrum disorders among offspring: a meta-analysis

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Erfan Ayubi, Saeid Bashirian, Mahdieh Seyedi, Mohammad Rezaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):70-75. Published online August 17, 2022

Web of Science 4 Crossref 5

Question: This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between previous abortion history and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among children.
Finding: We found that the risk of ASD associated with previous abortion history had an odds ratio of 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.0; I²=61.7%).
Meaning: These findings suggest a positive and significant association between history of previous abortion and risk of ASD in children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00108

Editorial

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Hypertension in adulthood is programmed during the perinatal period

Min Hyun Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):494-495. Published online August 12, 2022

Crossref 2

∙ Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth can be significant risk factors for the development of adult hypertension.
∙ Several perinatal factors of hypertension are related to IUGR, including renal, vascular, and rapid catch-up growth.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00829

Original Article

Nutrition

Survey of Korean pediatrician’s perceptions of barriers to and improvements in breastfeeding

Seong Phil Bae, Woo Ryoung Lee, Won-Ho Hahn, Hye-Jung Shin, Young Min Ahn, Son Moon Shin, Yong Joo Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, Youn Jeong Shin, Dae Yong Yi, Soon Min Lee, Juyoung Lee, Jin A Lee, Sung-Hoon Chung, Euiseok Jung, Eui Kyung Choi, Ju Sun Heo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):540-546. Published online July 29, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 8

Question: What barriers to breastfeeding do Korean pediatricians perceive?
Finding: Regardless of medical institution, breastfeeding counseling for parents is currently limited, and breastfeeding is commonly discontinued due to various maternal and neonatal factors.
Meaning: To promote breastfeeding, increasing pediatrician participation in breastfeeding counseling with the establishment of appropriate breastfeeding counseling fees and the expansion of practical and high-quality breastfeeding education for medical staff should be considered.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00311

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Mediation effect of cord blood cortisol levels between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and birth weight: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Nisanth Selvam, Jayashree K, Prasanna Mithra

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):500-506. Published online July 29, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Question: What is the association between cord blood cortisol and maternal weight, birth weight, and cord blood lipid profile?
Finding: Cord blood cortisol levels did not influence the relationship between maternal weight changes or birth weight. Maternal weight changes, birth weight, and cortisol levels altered the cord blood lipid profile.
Meaning: Our findings may aid United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) achievement by 2030.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00122

Editorial

Endocrinology

Bisphenol A leaching from polycarbonate baby bottles into baby food causes potential health issues

Ga Won Jeon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):450-452. Published online July 25, 2022

Web of Science 16 Crossref 17

Can bisphenol A (BPA) leach out from polycarbonate baby bottles into baby food? BPA and other toxic materials can leach out from baby bottles and increase the risk of various health problems, including endocrine disturbances. Although the use of BPA in baby bottles has been banned, many developing countries still use it, which can cause health issues. Thus, public awareness of this issue is required.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00661

Cardiology

Recent research trends in Kawasaki disease-related infection

Hyang-Ok Woo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):538-539. Published online July 22, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

The incidence of Kawasaki disease has reportedly decreased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine. However, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children has reportedly occurred more frequently in areas where COVID-19 was prevalent than in previous years. Research into the etiology of childhood and adolescent systemic vasculitis in infection-related immune responses during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased accordingly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00696

Original Article

Nutrition

Not breastfeeding and risk of autism spectrum disorders among children: a meta-analysis

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Amir Mohammad Salehi, Salman Khazaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):28-31. Published online July 19, 2022

Web of Science 6 Crossref 10

This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between not breastfeeding (versus breastfeeding) and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children. We found that the risk of ASD associated with not breastfeeding had an odds ratio of 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.35–2.27; I²=0 %). These findings suggest the importance of breastfeeding in decreasing the risk of ASD among children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01872

Retraction Notice

Coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2-month-old male infant: a case report from Iran

Hosein Heydari, Seyed Kamal Eshagh Hossaini, Ahmad Hormati, Mahboubeh Afifian, Sajjad Ahmadpour

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):417-417. Published online July 19, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00941.r1

Editorial

Pulmonology

Now lung ultrasound has been established as a fundamental examination in pediatric respiratory diseases

Kyunghoon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):401-402. Published online July 13, 2022

· Several studies demonstrated the usefulness of lung ultrasound in pediatric respiratory diseases including coronavirus disease 2019.
· Knowledge of lung ultrasound is increasing, and lung ultrasound has been established as a fundamental diagnostic examination for pediatric respiratory diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00577

Review Article

Gastroenterology

Current diagnosis and image-guided reduction for intussusception in children

Jisun Hwang, Hee Mang Yoon, Pyeong Hwa Kim, Ah Young Jung, Jin Seong Lee, Young Ah Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):12-21. Published online July 4, 2022

Web of Science 12 Crossref 14

· Intussusception, the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in young children, has an overall incidence in Korea of 28.3 cases per 100,000 person-years.
· Its cause is idiopathic inmost cases, although viral or bacterial gastroenteritis has beenpostulated as a cause. Approximately 4% of children have pathological lead points for intussusception, and Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common cause.
· Intussusception in preterm infants is extremely rare. Older children (>5 years of age) are at increased risk of pathological lead points.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01816

Letter to the Editor

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

The influence of parental eating behaviors, child-feeding practices, and infants’ temperaments upon infants’ eating behaviors

Goh Woon Lim, Kyoung Min Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):466-468. Published online June 27, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01865

Review Article

Infection

Therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents

Soo-Han Choi, Jae Hong Choi, Ki Wook Yun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):377-386. Published online June 27, 2022

Web of Science 5 Crossref 5

· Children and adolescents with high risks for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be identified and proper treatment should be provided promptly according to the patient’s condition.
· Remdesivir can be considered for pediatric patients of all ages with COVID-19 who have an emergent or increase in supplemental oxygen.
· The use of corticosteroids is not recommended for patients with nonsevere COVID-19. Corticosteroids are recommended in children and adolescents with severe and critical COVID-19.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00458

Clinical Note

Rheumatology

Haploinsufficiency A20 misdiagnosed as PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome with Kikuchi disease

Kyo Jin Jo, Su Eun Park, Chong Kun Cheon, Seung Hwan Oh, Seong Heon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):82-84. Published online June 22, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00500

Review Article

Cardiology

Research trends on causes of Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 era: focus on viral infections

Young Hwan Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):1-11. Published online June 22, 2022

Web of Science 7 Crossref 9

· The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unclear, but its clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological characteristics are strongly associated with infectious diseases.
· In the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, viruses are attracting the most attention. Sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection causes various hyperinflammation in children that require differentiation from KD.
· Immune responses in patients with KD may be induced by host cell damage. To effectively prevent and treat KD, the genetic background and immune responses of KD patients and triggering pathogens require identification.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00150

Clinical Note

Endocrinology

Graves’ disease: an uncommon cause of late sequelae following DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms)

Therdpong Tempark, Amatanun Tangthanapalakul, Tawatchai Deekajorndech, Susheera Chatproedprai, Vichit Supornsilchai, Siriwan Wananukul

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):602-604. Published online June 22, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00381

Original Article

Hematology

Effect of cyclic pamidronate administration on osteoporosis in children with β-thalassemia major: a single-center study

Mahmoud A. El-Hawy, Nagwan Y. Saleh

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):405-409. Published online June 7, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

Question: What is the effect of cyclic pamidronate administration on osteoporosis in children with β-thalassemia major?
Finding: The dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan findings of children with β-thalassemia major and osteoporosis were improved after pamidronate administration.
Meaning: Cyclic pamidronate effectively treated osteoporosis in children with β-thalassemia major.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00535

Review Article

Other

Epidemiology of pediatric fractures before versus during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Chi Hoon Oh, Siyeong Yoon, Kyung Rae Ko, Young Woo Kwon, Kyeong Mi Kim, Hyun Seo Park, Hogyeong Kang, Inseok Jang, Soonchul Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(7):330-336. Published online June 3, 2022

Web of Science 4 Crossref 5

∙ The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 as a cluster outbreak in Wuhan, since then, national lockdowns have included school closures, stay-at-home orders.
∙ The characteristics of adolescent fractures were often related to physical activity such as sports-related injury.
∙ During the COVID-19 pandemic, both in the East and the West, the incidence of fractures in children and adolescents is showing a decreasing trend worldwide.
∙ Fractures in children and adolescents were significantly reduced in the proportion of relatively low-energy damage, and the incidence of fractures in adolescents with greater activity compared to children was reduced.
∙ If COVID-19 pandemic ends, normal academic and sports activities increase due to the easing of lockdown policies, the number of trauma patients related to increased activity may increase rapidly, and clinics should prepare for this change.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01767

Neurobehavior

Jeopardized mental health of children and adolescents in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Bohyun Jin, Sohee Lee, Un Sun Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(7):322-329. Published online June 3, 2022

Web of Science 11 Crossref 11

∙ The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has required preventive measures like self-quarantine, school closures, and lockdown, which ultimately make youth directly and indirectly vulnerable to depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and somatization.
∙ Child abuse is more common in the COVID-19 era than previously.
∙ Pediatricians should carefully examine parental and child mental health to directly and indirectly aid their physical and mental health.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01753

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Neonatal hypertension: concerns within and beyond the neonatal intensive care unit

Kathleen Altemose, Janis M. Dionne

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):367-376. Published online May 30, 2022

Web of Science 8 Crossref 9

Some neonates, especially those who are premature, may experience hypertension while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The most common causes are prematurity-related and the hypertension usually resolves over the first 1–2 years of life. Unfortunately, the increasing population of NICU graduates is at risk for later cardiovascular and kidney disease in childhood and adulthood. This population requires careful attention to blood pressure and weight throughout their life course.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00486

Original Article

Oncology

Treatment outcomes of high-dose chemotherapy plus stem cell rescue in high-risk neuroblastoma patients in Thailand

Kunanya Suwannaying, Piti Techavichit, Patcharee Komvilaisak, Napat Laoaroon, Nattee Narkbunnam, Kleebsabai Sanpakit, Kanhatai Chiengthong, Thirachit Chotsampancharoen, Lalita Sathitsamitphong, Chalongpon Santong, Panya Seksarn, Suradej Hongeng, Surapon Wiangnon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):453-458. Published online May 24, 2022

Question: This study aimed to elucidate the outcomes of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue without immunotherapy.
Finding: The 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 45.1% and 40.4%, respectively.
Meaning: High-dose chemotherapy plus stem cell rescue followed by cis-retinoic acid for 12 months is well tolerated and could improve survival in patients with HR-NB in limited resource settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00437

Other

Plastic bottle feeding produces changes in biochemical parameters in human infants – A pilot study

Mahendra K. Pant, Abul. H. Ahmad, Manisha Naithani, Jayanti Pant

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):459-465. Published online May 19, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

Question: Plastic feeding bottles are used commonly to feed infants who cannot be breastfeed. Does plastic bottle feeding produce biochemical changes in infants?
Finding: The plastic bottles leach out endocrine disruptors and affects bodily functions in terms of biochemical alterations like increased blood urea, raised creatine-kinase–MB levels, and altered lipid profile in infants exposed to bottle feeding.
Meaning: Plastic bottles feeding alters bodily functions in infants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00234

Infection

Role of lung ultrasound patterns in monitoring coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in children

Satyabrata Roychowdhoury, Subhajit Bhakta, Manas Kumar Mahapatra, Saptarshi Ghosh, Sayantika Saha, Mithun Chandra Konar, Mihir Sarkar, Mousumi Nandi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(7):358-366. Published online May 13, 2022

Web of Science 4 Crossref 3

Question: Potential role of patterns of lung ultrasonography (US) in monitoring changes in mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
Finding: Interstitial syndrome, an irregular pleural line, and peripheral microconsolidation were the most prevalent findings. Changes in lung aeration after mechanical ventilation corelated with improved oxygenation. A fall in lung ultrasound reaeration score ≤ 5 may predict successful weaning.
Meaning: Lung US is gaining wider utility for monitoring COVID-19 pneumonia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01655

Editorial

Other

Three-dimensional printing technolgy in orthopedic oncology

Yongsung Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):496-497. Published online May 11, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Orthopedic oncology is one of the most active fields in applying 3-dimensional printing technology from preoperative planning to intraoperative procedures such as accurate resection of tumors and reconstruction of huge bone defects.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00080

Neurology

Increasing our understanding of rotavirus-induced central nervous system manifestations

Jon Soo Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):536-537. Published online May 6, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

· Diverse clinicoradiological features of central nervous system (CNS) complications in rotavirus infection can be identified with the rapid and wide use of various brain magnetic resonance imaging protocols.
· An increased understanding of the various pathophysiological mechanisms of rotavirus-induced CNS manifestations will enable precise management in the future.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00395

Pulmonology

Influence of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on respiratory health in children

Hyo-Bin Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(7):348-349. Published online May 3, 2022

· Practicing hand hygiene, wearing a mask, maintaining social distancing, and other lockdown measures were implemented to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a worldwide disaster that started in 2019.
· The advent of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic resulted in positive secondary effects, such as reduced respiratory viral infections in children and decreased degrees of air pollution.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00192

Cited By 31	Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants
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Cited By 24	Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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