Background: Pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM), the most stable part of ADM, serves as an indirect marker of ADM levels. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a protein produced primarily in the liver during acute inflammation.
Purpose: To assess the role of SAA and pro-ADM, individually and in combination, as diagnostic and prognostic markers in pediatric sepsis. Methods: This prospective case-control cohort study included... |
Background: Managing obesity in children remains challenging. In addition to body mass index (BMI), incorporating body composition into evaluations of post-obesity interventions would help assess changes in adiposity.
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between dietary intake, physical activity, and changes in BMI z-scores and adiposity among children with obesity. Methods: Children aged 7–15 years with obesity received monthly dietary... |
Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains an important complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy for which an urgent and appropriate evaluation is imperative.
Purpose: To assess the diagnostic and prognostic roles of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-ProADM) levels in predicting infection in patients with FN. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 137 patients with chemotherapy-induced FN. Complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and MR-ProADM were... |
Background: Diagnosing and predicting neonatal sepsis is challenging because of its nonspecific symptoms, lack of diagnostic criteria consensus, and absence of early, sensitive, and specific diagnostic laboratory tests.
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of adrenomedullin (ADM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). Methods: We studied 53 neonates with culture-proven LOS by sampling... |
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Question: What are common tantrum behaviors in preschool children, and how frequently are problematic behaviors observed? Do problematic tantrums have a different emotional impact on caregivers compared to typical tantrums? Finding: Temper tantrums are common in preschool children, and verbal tantrums are the most common type. Meaning: Problematic tantrums, defined as tantrums exhibiting aggressive physical behavior, long duration (>15 minutes), or frequent occurrence (>3 days/wk), significantly affected caregivers’ emotions. |
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Question: What are the differences in efficacy between leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP)? Finding: There were no significant intergroup differences in luteinizing hormone suppression or predicted adult height at the end of treatment in girls with CPP. Meaning: Leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate have comparable efficacy for treating CPP. |
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Question: What is the effect of nonpharmacological interventions on postoperative pain and anxiety among children. Finding: Nurse-provided distraction interventions reduce pain and anxiety among pediatric surgical patients. Meaning: The findings suggest that nonpharmacological interventions provided postoperatively to children reduce their pain and anxiety levels. |
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· Although there is broad consensus on many aspects regarding the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of cow's milk allergy, the impact of geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic factors remains unestablished. · Availability and cost of formula for the management of cow's milk allergy have a major impact on the therapeutic choice. · Region-specific guidelines for the treatment of cow's milk allergy are required. |
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The overall incidence of bloodstream infections was 23.5%. Gram-negative organisms occur at a much higher rate in pediatric liver transplant recipients then that the general pediatric population. However, when comparing pediatric and adult liver transplant recipients Gram-positive organisms occur with a much higher rate in the pediatric population highlighting the importance of early and broad spectrum antimicrobial coverage when bloodstream infections are suspected. |
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Question: Does zinc supplementation along with probiotics affect disease severity or clinical outcomes of children with acute diarrhea? Findings: This study indicated that zinc supplementation and probiotics had no effect on clinical improvement or disease severity among pediatric patients with acute diarrhea. Meaning: Children who received probiotics plus zinc recovered faster than those who received probiotics only. |
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Question: Would students with reading disorder have a significantly higher prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactiveimpulsive disorder (ADHD) symptoms than neurotypical students? Finding: Students at risk of reading disorder exhibited significant ADHD symptoms compared with those not at risk of reading disorder according to all presentations of teacher assessments versus only for predominantly inattentive presentations of the parental assessments. Meaning: Students with reading disorder have a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD symptoms than neurotypical students. Sex, parental education level, average family income, and children’s school affiliation significantly influenced reading disorder prevalence. |
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· Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a strong T helper (Th)2 response, although the extents of Th22, Th17/ interleukin (IL)-23, and Th1 responses vary among disease subtypes. · Children with moderate to severe AD may require early systemic therapy to reduce the systemic inflammation caused by increased Th2 cytokine levels. · Dupilumab, which blocks IL-4/IL-13 receptor, has equivalent efficacy for extrinsic and intrinsic AD and a favorable safety profile in infants and children aged 6 months and older. |
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Most immunocompromised children and adolescents are not at increased risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 outcomes for low- or medium-risk immunocompromised children are favorable, while more serious illness reportedly occurs in high-risk immunocompromised children by underlying disease, its treatments, and other factors. Therefore, the early detection and timely management of severe COVID-19 and treatment of underlying disease are important. Hospitalization and COVID-19 vaccination should be carefully considered. |
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Question: What are the PD-1+ CD4+ T cells percentages and serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels of pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)? Finding: Compared with healthy controls, the PD-1+ CD4+ T cells percentages and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in ITP patients before and 1 month after therapy. Meaning: Our findings suggest that PD-1+ CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ are involved in the pathophysiological process of ITP. |
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The peripartum period is an important transmission time for human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, mainly via breastfeeding and partly through the placental tissues of carrier mothers. Although most HTLV-1–infected individuals are asymptomatic, fetal and childhood infections often result in several diseases with disappointing treatment outcomes. An estimated HTLV-1 burden in Nigeria among perinatal women must be determined to enable rational planning of a comprehensive health care intervention. |
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It is important to evaluate its effectiveness at the national level and to determine the varicella vaccine schedule based on the evidence generated through the studies. |
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Phenylketonuria, an autosomal recessive disease that results from the inability to metabolize phenylalanine, is currently treated with medical nutrition therapy. New treatment approaches such as tetrahydrobiopterin, glycomacropeptide, large neutral amino acids, pegvaliase, and gene therapy significantly impact disease management and dietary enrichment. This article also reviews animal and human studies that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of these new protein substitutes. |
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· This study compared the ability of 2 probiotics to reduce and improve functional abdominal pain (FAP) in children. · In the polymicrobial probiotic (PMP) group, 10.34% of children reported no pain; in the mono-strain probiotic (MSP) group, all patients reported low-degree pain. The mean pain score decreased significantly over time in both groups. · The use of both PMP and MSP is recommended to reduce pain in patients with FAP. |
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High-resolution esophageal manometry can be safely performed in children where recurrent vomiting and persistent dysphagia is the working diagnosis after excluding nonluminal and structural obstructive pathologies using pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Normal manometry values are available. Clinical picture, biochemical tests, radiological interpretation, and endoscopic findings with manometry completes the analysis of patients with recurrent vomiting and dysphagia. |
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Question: Do probiotics added to maternal nutrition affect infantile colic symptoms and intestinal microbiota? Finding: Infants whose mothers ingested probiotics demonstrated decreased crying frequency and intensity and significantly increased bacterial diversity in the stools. The bacterial variety was substantially affected by the added probiotic product. Meaning: The addition of probiotics to maternal nutrition in early infancy could play an important role in preventing infantile colic. |
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Question: This study aimed to elucidate the outcomes of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue without immunotherapy. Finding: The 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 45.1% and 40.4%, respectively. Meaning: High-dose chemotherapy plus stem cell rescue followed by cis-retinoic acid for 12 months is well tolerated and could improve survival in patients with HR-NB in limited resource settings. |
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· Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to have impaired motor performance that may affect their growth and development. · Although widely used among children with developmental disorders, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) is used sparsely among children with ADHD. · Assessment by the BOTMP increases our understanding of the motor repertoire of children with ADHD. · Wider usage of the BOTMP will enable more comprehensive planning of rehabilitation goals to enhance the motor abilities of children with ADHD. |
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Question: Could probiotics be used as a therapeutic modality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis? Finding: There seem no added advantages over lifestyle modifications compared to Probiotics. Meaning: There does not seem to be an advantage of probiotics over lifestyle modifications in improving obesity-associated metabolic derangement in children. |
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· Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign vascular tumors, occurring in 5%–10% of infants. · IHs are characteristically not present at birth but are usually diagnosed at 1–4 weeks of age, rapidly proliferate until 5 months of age, and then spontaneously involute. · High-risk IHs (10%) require early treatment from 1 month of age. · Oral propranolol, a nonselective beta-blocker, is the first-line treatment for IHs. |
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Question: Do probiotics reduce colic symptoms? Finding: Probiotics reduced colic symptoms in colicky infants probably due to the anti-inflammatory properties. Meaning: Probiotics may be an effective and less noxious way to manage infantile colic. |
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· Obesity is strongly associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. · Altered renal hemodynamics, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity may play a key role in the development of obesity-related kidney disease. · Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk of developing obesity and chronic kidney disease later in life. · A multilevel approach is needed to prevent obesity and related chronic diseases. |
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This national cohort study included all Korean children born in 2008 and 2009 observed over a period of more than 10 years. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to analyze disease onset prior to hospitalization based on information such as lifestyle, eating habits, and risk factors by integrating National Health Insurance System data with national health screening data. |
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Question: What is the most important factor that increases mortality in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who receive selective head cooling? Finding: All cases of neonatal mortality were severe HIE (stage 3), and a severely abnormal amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and mortality were increased with the need for advanced neonatal resuscitation upon delivery. Meaning: Advanced neonatal resuscitation affects HIE outcomes, and medical personnel should be prepared to provide the best intervention. |
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Question: What are health providers’ knowledge and perceptions of Kangaroo mother care (KMC)? Finding: Health providers’ knowledge of KMC was sufficient; however, some of their perceptions about it could create barriers to the successful implementation of hospital KMC programs. Meaning: Health providers’ perceptions about KMC should be considered to ensure successful KMC implementation. Locally designed on-site training programs could overcome the challenges. |
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Bayesian false-discovery probability and false-positive report probability are the 2 major Bayesian methods used to evaluate noteworthiness of a genetic variant. Application of stricter P value is needed to confirm statistical significance in meta-analyses. Gene network analysis of noteworthy genetic variants shows a blueprint of the genetic background in complex diseases. |
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics is an open access journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
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