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Question: How can the management of neonatal jaundice (NJ) be enhanced through telemedicine? Finding: Teleconsultations, drive-through testing, and the use of an application to assess neonatal jaundice at home are being successfully used, but they must be further researched before being implemented on a larger scale. Meaning: Recent technology allows for the treatment of NJ at home with an application that helps reduce hospital burden. |
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Question: Are the short-term outcomes of minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) relatively superior to those of INtubation, SURfactant administration, and Extubation (INSURE) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? Finding: MIST could be an appropriate substitution for INSURE in preterm infants with RDS since it reduced hospitalization time and number of side effects. Meaning: MIST is recommended for surfactant administration for its proven advantages over the INSURE technique. |
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· Thrombocytosis, common in newborns and infants (<2 years) (3%–13%), is caused by elevated thrombopoietin (TPO) concentrations. · Serum TPO levels are significantly higher immediately to 1 month postnatal and decrease with age. · Platelet counts are positively correlated with gestational age at birth and postnatal age. · Thrombocytosis is more common in preterm than in term infants. · Thrombocytosis in newborns is reactive and resolves spontaneously without complications. |
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Question: Is fetal nuchal cord a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? Finding: Five articles (1 cohort, 4 case-control; total 3,088 children) were included in the present meta-analysis. Fetal nuchal cord was not a risk factor for ASD (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.57). There was homogeneity among studies that reported a risk of ASD (I2=0.0). Meaning: Fetal nuchal cord is not a risk factor for ASD. |
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There have been global tri-phasic epidemic periods of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In recent years, its incidence has reportedly been 10%–40% depending on country and study population. Current treatment strategies for ROP include laser photocoagulation, surgical treatment, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment, the role of which has drawn attention in recent years. |
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∙ The growth of preterm infants is a main focus of neonatology. ∙ Preterm infants in Korea, especially those with a very low birth weight, achieve retarded growth. ∙ Careful growth monitoring and early intervention will contribute to better development outcomes and quality of life for preterm infants and improve public health. |
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Question: How can we further improve the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury? Finding: Combination carnosine and hypothermia therapy effectively reduced brain damage in neonatal rats. The in situ zymography, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay, and immunofluorescence study results showed that neuroprotective effects were achieved with combination therapy only. Meaning: Carnosine and hypothermia have synergistic neuroprotective effects against brain damage following HI injury |
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· Very low birth weight infants remain at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental impairments in early childhood. · It is important to establish a network follow-up protocol and complete assessments with fewer dropouts to enable clarification of the outcomes of registered infants. · All possible strategies should be employed to maintain good compliance after neonatal intensive care unit discharge. |
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Question: Is there any risk of vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and what is its neonatal profile? Finding: Biological samples for vertical transmission were negative in all deliveries; however, 2 neonates tested positive for nasopharyngeal COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. No significant neonatal morbidity was observed. Meaning: COVID-19 does not increase adverse neonatal outcomes and shows a negligible risk of vertical transmission; however, horizontal transmission cannot be underestimated. |
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Question: What is the most important factor that increases mortality in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who receive selective head cooling? Finding: All cases of neonatal mortality were severe HIE (stage 3), and a severely abnormal amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and mortality were increased with the need for advanced neonatal resuscitation upon delivery. Meaning: Advanced neonatal resuscitation affects HIE outcomes, and medical personnel should be prepared to provide the best intervention. |
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· Mortality is decreased significantly in meta-analysis of studies in different regimen of fluconazole prophylaxis. · Significant decrease was seen in incidence of invasive candidiasis-associated mortality in extremely low birth weight infants in same schedules of prophylaxis. · More studies required to relief the concerns. |
Determining the therapeutic hypothermia and predict long-term prognosis quickly and accurately in infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy requires a thorough history taking, physical examination, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, brain magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, heart evaluation (cardiac enzymes, electrocardiography, and echocardiography), and several other biomarkers. |
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• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) was detected in approximately 3% of neonates of mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). • Neonatal COVID-19 is relatively benign with 16%–22.4% cases asymptomatic. • Neonates with pre-existing medical conditions and preterm infants are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19. • Requirement for neonatal mechanical ventilation is 20%–22.4% (vs. 4% in children) • Low birth weight (13.9%) and premature birth (22.2%) affect neonates of mothers with COVID-19. |
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Question: The use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers during pregnancy causes lethal neonatal complications. Finding: A neonate, whose mother took a RAS blocker during pregnancy, was diagnosed with renal tubular dysgenesis. He presented with respiratory failure, severe refractory hypotension, and anuria requiring continuous dialysis. Meaning: Physicians should consider any degree of RAS fetopathy in a newborn born to a hypertensive mother who had use of RAS blockers during her pregnancy. |
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