Most viewed
- Page Path
-
- HOME
- BROWSE ARTICLES
- Most viewed
"Most viewed" Articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last six month.
- Review Article
- Gastroenterology
- Ingestion of foreign bodies and caustic substances in children: a narrative review on clinical evaluation and management update
(8,092 times)
-
Maria Rogalidou
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):11-21. Published online December 10, 2025
-
|
Foreign body and caustic substance ingestion in children aged 1–5 years can feature to severe and, sometimes life-threatening complications. High-risk items include batteries, magnets, and corrosive chemicals. Severity depends on object type, location, and ingestion timing. Prompt diagnosis and early endoscopic intervention are crucial. Individualized management, high clinical suspicion, and parental education are essential to improving outcomes and preventing immediate and long-term complications affecting a child’s quality of life. |
-
-
- Nutrition
- Dietary fiber in pediatric gastrointestinal health: a narrative review of evidence and challenges
(7,856 times)
-
Rohit Das, Bipashna Thatal, Buddhiman Tamang
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(6):456-472. Published online May 27, 2026
-
|
Dietary fiber plays a critical role in pediatric gastrointestinal health by modulating gut microbiota, improving bowel function, and supporting immune development. Evidence consistently supports its benefit in functional constipation, while effects on abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome remain variable due to differences in fiber type, dosage, and study design. Clinically, fiber should be used as an adjunct therapy within individualized dietary and behavioral management strategies for children. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Pulmonology
- Efficacies of different treatment strategies for infants hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis
(7,769 times)
-
Hyeri Jeong, Dawon Park, Eun Kyo Ha, Ju Hee Kim, Jeewon Shin, Hey-Sung Baek, Hyunsoo Hwang, Youn Ho Shin, Hye Mi Jee, Man Yong Han
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):608-618. Published online October 28, 2024
-
|
· This study analyzed 45 randomized controlled trials (5,061 participants, 13 interventions) of the comparative efficacies of treatments for acute bronchiolitis in infants.
· Inhalation therapy with epinephrine and hypertonic saline significantly reduced the length of hospital stay compared with normal saline.
· Hypertonic saline had the greatest ability to improve the clinical severity score of bronchiolitis in infants younger than 2 years of age. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Critical Care Medicine
- Recent updates on systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis
(7,704 times)
-
Jiyoung Ahn
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):580-588. Published online November 1, 2024
-
|
|
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with multifactorial pathogenesis and variable clinical presentation. Up to one-fifth of patients with AD develop moderate to severe disease that is often refractory to classical therapies and can compromise quality of life. This review summarizes recent clinical evidence on biological agents and small-molecule immunotherapies for the treatment of AD. |
-
-
- General Pediatrics
- Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Malaysia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(7,512 times)
-
Ker Yang Chua, Ker Yung Chua, Karuthan Chinna, Chooi Ling Lim, Maheeka Seneviwickrama
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):115-126. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. National surveys in Malaysia have shown similar trends. This review aimed to increase our understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight, obesity, and excess weight in Malaysia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of studies reporting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysian children aged <18 years.... |
-
-
- Original Article
- Infection
- Clinical characteristics and associated factors of pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a retrospective study
(7,067 times)
-
Huiling Zhang, Yilong Wang, Qianyun Ding, Xuekun Li, Sheng Ye
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):153-162. Published online November 11, 2024
-
|
· The mortality rate of acute necrotizing encephalopathy was high.
· Laboratory tests revealed that the fatal group had higher creatinine, lactate, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, creatine kinase, and D-dimer than survivors.
· The fatal group displayed lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores and arterial pH. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Other
- Artificial intelligence in pediatric healthcare: current applications, potential, and implementation considerations
(7,056 times)
-
Taejin Park, In-Hee Lee, Seung Wook Lee, Sek Won Kong
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):641-651. Published online June 25, 2025
-
|
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential benefits in pediatric care, but its real-world adoption requires clinician literacy, ethical and legal safeguards, and cautious implementation. Large language models are emerging across healthcare, but their use in pediatric clinical practice remains premature. Thus, the cautious and accountable implementation of AI is crucial to preventing unintended harm and realizing its potential. |
-
-
- Pulmonology
- Evidence-based management guidelines for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents
(7,036 times)
-
Eun Lee, Kyunghoon Kim, You Hoon Jeon, In Suk Sol, Jong Deok Kim, Taek Ki Min, Yoon Ha Hwang, Hyun-Ju Cho, Dong In Suh, Hwan Soo Kim, Yoon Hee Kim, Sung-Il Woo, Yong Ju Lee, Sungsu Jung, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Gwang Cheon Jang
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):418-426. Published online January 23, 2024
-
|
· We suggest offering long-term macrolides to children with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis with frequent exacerbations (conditional recommendation, moderate quality of evidence).
· We do not recommend the routine use of mucolytic agents, inhaled corticosteroids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent exacerbation of bronchiectasis in children (inconclusive, very low quality of evidence).
· We recommend the use of nebulized hypertonic saline to prevent exacerbations and improve the lung function of children with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (weak recommendation, moderate quality of evidence). |
-
-
- Genetics and Metabolism
- Development of orphan drugs for rare diseases
(6,944 times)
-
Han-Wook Yoo
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(7):315-327. Published online June 28, 2023
-
|
· Orphan disease is a rare disease, primarily affecting newborn and children. Vast majority of orphan diseases has genetic background.
· Orphan disease is individually rare. But as a whole, it is not rare, becoming a great socioeconomic burden.
· The diagnosis of rare genetic disease has been problematic, but recent progress of genome analysis technologies makes it faster and more precise.
· There are many unmet needs as to the curative treatment. However, the number of treatable rare diseases is growingly increasing owing to the development of biotechnology.
· Most orphan drugs are extremely expensive because of numer ous hurdles during the process of drug development as well as small number of patients. |
-
-
- Clinical Note
- General Pediatrics
- Aplasia cutis congenita with unique vascular malformation and cranial hypoplasia: a case in a preterm infant
(6,933 times)
-
Yasufumi Sakata, Natsumi Fujii, Sadahiro Nomura, Yoshihiro Azuma, Hiroki Hamano, Hidenobu Kaneyasu, Seigo Okada, Kazumasa Takahashi, Shunji Hasegawa
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):472-474. Published online March 11, 2025
-
-
-
- Review Article
- Developmental and Behavioral Medicine
- Screen time among preschoolers: exploring individual, familial, and environmental factors
(6,913 times)
-
Sangha Lee, Donghee Kim, Yunmi Shin
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):641-650. Published online September 12, 2024
-
|
|
This systematic review examined the correlation between screen time and various factors in preschoolers. Findings suggest that media parenting, including setting appropriate media limits, is crucial in protecting against excessive screen exposure. However, limited research has been done on the impact of family and personal factors, particularly with the increasing use of portable devices among young children. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Hematology
- Treatment and clinical outcomes of pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia: real-world single-center data from Korea
(6,558 times)
-
Young Dai Kwon, Eun Sun Jung, Yeon Jung Lim
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(7):522-529. Published online April 16, 2025
-
|
Question: Can pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) be effectively managed using first-line steroids?
Finding: In this single-center study, pediatric patients with AIHA achieved normal hemoglobin levels within 16.5 days (range, 9.0–22.0 days) of first-line steroid treatment and maintained effective responses for 2 months.
Meaning: These outcomes highlight the efficacy of steroid treatment in pediatric versus adult AIHA and underscore the need for multicenter trials to establish standardized treatment guidelines. |
-
-
- Pulmonology
- Effect of vitamin C supplement in treatment of childhood pneumonia requiring hospitalization: a randomized controlled trial
(6,526 times)
-
Chutima Phuaksaman, Katechan Jampachaisri, Klaita Srisingh
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):690-699. Published online April 1, 2025
-
|
This study assessed the effects of vitamin C on children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Vitamin C supplementation improved clinical symptoms within 48–72 hours compared to placebo but did not reduce the length of hospital stay (LOS). These findings suggest that vitamin C is beneficial for managing CAP severity, but does not affect LOS. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Gastroenterology
- Balancing therapeutic benefits and hidden risks of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice: a narrative review and update
(6,470 times)
-
Maria Rogalidou, Alexandra Papadopoulou
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(3):186-196. Published online February 25, 2026
-
|
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively treat acid-related disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Long-term use, particularly in children, may lead to microbiome alterations, nutrient deficiencies, infections, renal injury, osteoporosis, fractures, and other gastrointestinal changes. PPI therapy should be guided by clear clinical indications, prescribed at the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration, and regularly reassessed to minimize risks in young children. |
-
-
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Optimal postnatal corticosteroid regimens to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia with minimal adverse effects
(6,350 times)
-
Ga Won Jeon
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):293-300. Published online March 27, 2026
-
|
Postnatal corticosteroids facilitate ventilator weaning and reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Despite being commonly used in high-risk infants, administration guidelines have not been established. Early dexamethasone may cause neurodevelopmental harm, and the optimal dosing remains uncertain. Inhaled corticosteroids show inconclusive benefits, whereas intratracheal administration with surfactant appears promising. Thus, corticosteroids should be used cautiously in high-risk, ventilator-dependent infants with severe BPD, and further high-quality trials are needed. |
-
-
- Gastroenterology
- Sarcopenia in pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology: an updated review
(6,306 times)
-
Toshifumi Yodoshi
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):366-383. Published online April 27, 2026
-
|
Pediatric sarcopenia is common in chronic gastrointestinal and liver diseases, often hidden by normal body mass index or obesity, and predicts worse outcomes. Because growth and puberty alter body composition, assessment should use age- and sex-specific measures of muscle mass and, when feasible, function. Early multidisciplinary intervention—protein-adequate nutrition, resistance-based activity, and disease control—may improve prognosis. |
-
-
- Cardiology
- Heart failure in children and adolescents: an update on diagnostic approaches and management
(6,109 times)
-
Amit Agrawal, Dalwinder Janjua, Abdulrahman Ahmed Alsayed Ali Zeyada, Ahmed Taher Elsheikh
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):178-190. Published online June 19, 2023
-
|
· Pediatric heart failure (PHF) is a clinical syndrome featuring various symptoms (shortness of breath, ankle swelling, fatigue) and signs (pulmonary crackles, peripheral edema).
· Congenital heart diseases are the most common underlying etiology of PHF, whereas myocarditis and primary cardio-myopathies are common in children without structural ab-normalities.
· PHF pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial and varies by etiology and age.
· PHF management includes decongestive therapy, treatment of underlying causes, preventing progression, and managing pulmonary or systemic obstructions.
· Drugs should be chosen based on pharmacodynamics, clinical manifestations, hemodynamic state, and renal function. |
-
-
- Endocrinology
- Testosterone therapy in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty: a PubMed-based systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis
(6,052 times)
-
Ashraf T. Soliman, Fawzia Alyafei, Nada Alaaraj, Noor Hamed, Shayma Ahmed, Khaled A. Siddiq, Mohammed Qusad, Mohamed AlKhalaf
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(7):531-541. Published online June 18, 2026
-
|
In boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty, a short course of low-dose testosterone consistently accelerates linear growth and advances pubertal maturation. Long-term follow-up studies do not show a clinically meaningful effect of conservative regimens on near-adult height. As the pooled quantitative evidence represents only 46 boys in 2 controlled studies, treatment should remain individualized, while larger randomized trials using standardized patient-reported outcomes are needed. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Neurology
- Clinical application of whole exome and genome sequencing in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders
(6,005 times)
-
Keun Soo Lee, Seung Hwan Oh, Ja Young Lee, Go Hun Seo, Da Eun Roh, Ji Kyoung Park, Bo Lyun Lee
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):417-427. Published online April 22, 2026
-
|
Question: What is the diagnostic utility of whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) in unexplained neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)?
Finding: WES and WGS achieved a combined diagnostic yield of 39.1% in children with NDDs. Novel variants accounted for over half the pathogenic findings, and trio-based or phenotype-driven testing improved the diagnostic rate.
Meaning: Comprehensive genomic sequencing integrated with clinical phenotyping enhances diagnostic yield among children with NDDs. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Endocrinology
- A review of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in endocrine-related disorders
(5,980 times)
-
Nur Faten Hafizah Rosli, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor, Rose Adzrianee Adnan, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):30-52. Published online November 6, 2024
-
|
· The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high among children and adolescents and mainly attributed to changes in environmental factors.
· Vitamin D hormone-like properties are associated with many endocrine-related disorders.
· The effect of vitamin D is modulated by the vitamin D receptor, polymorphisms of which are reportedly associated with an increased risk of disease development in children and adolescents. |
-
-
- Allergy
- Skin and oral intervention for food allergy prevention based on dual allergen exposure hypothesis
(5,929 times)
-
Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada, Yukihiro Ohya
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):477-485. Published online June 14, 2023
-
|
To prevent food allergy in infants, based on the dual allergen exposure hypothesis, we recommend a personalized approach consisting of both skin intervention (eczema treatment to achieve early remission and well-controlled skin without eczema to prevent percutaneous immunoglobulin E sensitization) and oral intervention (early allergenic food introduction). |
-
-
- Editorial
- Nutrition
- Zinc as a treatment modality for acute infectious diarrhea in children
(5,886 times)
-
Ji Sook Park
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):223-224. Published online October 31, 2024
-
|
|
· Prevention and management of dehydration is the major goal of treatment in acute infectious diarrhea in children.
· Zinc could be effective as an adjuvant therapy in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhea in malnourished children. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Pulmonology
- Clinical course of children with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans with versus without comorbid bronchopulmonary dysplasia
(5,882 times)
-
Lamia Medghoul, Julien Grosjean, Christophe Marguet, Hortense Petat
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(7):497-502. Published online April 1, 2025
-
|
Question: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a chronic respiratory disease that typically develops in children after a severe respiratory infection. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is often comorbid in patients with PIBO.
Finding: Corticosteroid pulse therapy effectively manages PIBO with or without comorbid BPD, significantly reducing exacerbations and decreasing the daily requirement for inhaled corticosteroids.
Meaning: Therapeutic effects of corticosteroid pulses are rapid and sustained over time, in both groups. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Allergy
- Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in children: focus on systemic Th2 cytokine receptor antagonists and Janus kinase inhibitors
(5,750 times)
-
Jeong Hee Kim, Mona Salem Samra
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):64-79. Published online June 14, 2023
-
|
· Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a strong T helper (Th)2 response, although the extents of Th22, Th17/ interleukin (IL)-23, and Th1 responses vary among disease subtypes.
· Children with moderate to severe AD may require early systemic therapy to reduce the systemic inflammation caused by increased Th2 cytokine levels.
· Dupilumab, which blocks IL-4/IL-13 receptor, has equivalent efficacy for extrinsic and intrinsic AD and a favorable safety profile in infants and children aged 6 months and older. |
-
-
- Gastroenterology
- Value of transabdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing functional constipation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(5,711 times)
-
Duc Long Tran, Phu Nguyen Trong Tran, Paweena Susantitaphong, Phichayut Phinyo, Palittiya Sintusek
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):127-135. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
Transabdominal ultrasonography is increasingly used as a novel modality for detecting pediatric functional constipation (FC). This systematic review and metaanalysis aimed to assess the diagnostic parameters of FC including rectal diameter (RD) and anterior rectal wall thickness. A systematic search was conducted of the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases through September 29, 2023, to identify studies comparing RD... |
-
-
- Hematology
- Promising role of voxelotor in managing sickle cell disease in children: a narrative review
(5,672 times)
-
Amit Agrawal, Gaurav Jadon, Japna Singh, Dalwinder Janjua
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):106-114. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
Voxelotor has promising ability to increase hemoglobin levels and reduce hemolysis markers in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Several preclinical and phase II/III trials have demonstrated its efficacy, dose-dependent responses, and tolerability in children. Ongoing trials are assessing its safety and effectiveness in various populations, including children younger than 12 years. These findings suggest its potential as a disease-modifying drug, warranting further exploration of its role in SCD management. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Pulmonology
- Polysomnographic features of children with obesity: body mass index predict severe obstructive sleep apnea in obese children?
(5,655 times)
-
Rungrat Sukharom, Prakarn Tovichien, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Pinyapach Tiamduangtawan, Wattanachai Chotinaiwattarakul
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):80-90. Published online November 6, 2024
-
|
Question: How Common is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese children? OSA is common in obese children, even without habitual snoring.
Finding: Among the subjects, 60.6% had positional OSA, 40.2% had rapid eye movement-related OSA, 59.8% had desaturation, 20.5% had sleep-related hypoventilation, and 5.0% had obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Body mass index (BMI) and neck and waist circumferences were significantly associated with severe OSA.
Meaning: We recommend screening obese children (BMI > 29.2 kg/m2) for OSA. |
-
-
- Critical Care Medicine
- Effect of postoperative enteral protein supplementation on nitrogen balance in critically ill children
(5,638 times)
-
Irene Yuniar, Kadek Apik Lestari, Antonius Hocky Pudjiadi, Fatima Safira Alatas, Yoga Devaera
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):790-800. Published online May 30, 2025
-
|
Question: Does high-protein enteral nutrition better increase the average nitrogen balance (NB) and decrease the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) level of critically ill postoperative children than standard-protein enteral nutrition?
Finding: The study demonstrated a significant increase in average NB but no significant decrease in I-FABP levels in the high- versus low-protein group.
Meaning: These findings suggest that high-protein enteral nutrition can improve NB in critically ill postoperative children, thereby supporting their recovery. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Recent advances in understanding pathophysiology of non-nutritional stunting in very preterm infants
(5,624 times)
-
Eduardo Cuestas, Alina Rizzotti
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):287-297. Published online December 23, 2024
-
|
· Previous reviews of extrauterine growth restriction focused mainly on weight growth restriction caused by nutritional factors or pathological conditions.
· This review summarizes recent developments in the pathophysiology of nonnutritional length growth restriction in very preterm infants with focus on the impact of sustained neonatal inflammation on their short- and long-term outcomes.
· Further research is needed to investigate optimal strategies to improve length growth restriction in very preterm infants. |
-
-
