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"Most viewed" Articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last six month.
- Original Article
- Gastroenterology
- Treatment targeting pediatric inflammatory bowel disease-associated anemia: experience from a single tertiary center
(5,948 times)
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Ana S.C. Fernandes, Sara Azevedo, Ana Rita Martins, Ana Isabel Lopes
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):722-731. Published online June 10, 2025
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Question: Does treating iron deficiency (ID) using intravenous iron in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) feature long-term safety and efficacy?
Finding: Intravenous iron supplementation was safe and effective. However, the ID recurrence rate was higher than expected.
Meaning: Proactive screening and treatment of ID in pediatric IBD are essential. The Ganzoni formula likely underestimates the iron requirements of pediatric patients. Prospective trials are needed to optimize iron treatment dosing. |
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- Review Article
- Other
- Cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency: a systematic review
(5,931 times)
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Rezwanul Rana, Syed Afroz Keramat, Moin Ahmed
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):628-640. Published online April 16, 2025
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Universal newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) demonstrates robust cost-effectiveness across diverse high-income healthcare systems, both from healthcare and societal standpoints. Early detection yields substantial savings. While uncertainties persist, impacting precise cost-effectiveness, the overall finding is positive. Future research must prioritize enhanced data collection and statistical rigor to refine our understanding of SCID's economic impact within the Australian context. |
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- Original Article
- General Pediatrics
- Nonpharmacological interventions for managing postoperative pain and anxiety in children: a randomized controlled trial
(5,888 times)
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Edlin Glane Mathias, Mamatha Shivananda Pai, Vijay Kumar, Dinesh Narayanakurup, Malavika Kulkarni, Vasudeva Guddattu, Ann-Cathrine Bramhagen, Baby S Nayak, Anice George
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):677-685. Published online October 31, 2024
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Question: What is the effect of nonpharmacological interventions on postoperative pain and anxiety among children.
Finding: Nurse-provided distraction interventions reduce pain and anxiety among pediatric surgical patients.
Meaning: The findings suggest that nonpharmacological interventions provided postoperatively to children reduce their pain and anxiety levels. |
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- Review Article
- Other
- Use of virtual reality in children in a broad range of medical settings: a systematic narrative review of recent meta-analyses
(5,836 times)
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Emily Antonovics, Grammatina Boitsios, Thomas Saliba
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):274-282. Published online May 21, 2024
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· Virtual reality (VR) is becoming increasingly common for entertainment and in medical settings.
· VR is useful for treating children with cerebral palsy.
· VR can help with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
· VR can decrease pain perception in children undergoing burn wound care.
· VR can reduce preoperative anxiety.
· VR can reduce fear and pain during needle-involving procedures. |
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- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Differential roles of interleukin-6 and adrenomedullin in early diagnosis and mortality predictions in late-onset neonatal sepsis
(5,793 times)
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Emilly Henrique dos Santos, Gabriel Acca Barreira, Mariana Okay Saippa, Maria Carolina Pires Cruz, Karen Alessandra Rodrigues, Ronaldo Arkader, Thelma Suely Okay
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):463-471. Published online December 23, 2024
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Question: Can adrenomedullin (ADM) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) detect late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) at admission (area under the curve [AUC]>0.90) as an early diagnostic marker?
Finding: Only IL-6 consistently distinguished survivors from nonsurvivors (AUC>0.90) on admission and antibiotic treatment days 3 and 7. C-reactive protein level identified infections from day 3 but failed to predict outcomes (AUC<0.70).
Meaning: IL-6 level can improve LOS diagnosis and prognosis. |
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- Editorial
- Endocrinology
- Rickets prevalence and treatment outcome: real-world data from Taiwan
(5,790 times)
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Young Suk Shim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):868-870. Published online October 23, 2025
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Rickets should be recognized as a significant public health concern during infancy and childhood. Recent studies from Taiwan have demonstrated a steady increase in the prevalence of nutritional rickets, and a similar trend is likely to emerge in Korea. Therefore, comprehensive clinical evaluation and appropriate biochemical assessment are essential to prevent long-term skeletal and systemic complications. Prompt diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate treatment are crucial. |
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- General Pediatrics
- Artificial intelligence in pediatric healthcare: bridging potential, clinical practice, and ethical considerations
(5,725 times)
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Yoon Lee, Seohyun Hong, Dong Keon Yon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):652-655. Published online August 28, 2025
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· Artificial intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for pediatric healthcare, with applications spanning prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up across diverse subspecialties; however, ethical concerns, scarcity of pediatric- specific data, and limited funding remain significant challenges.
· International consensus on pediatric AI guidelines, expanding child-specific datasets, and incorporating explainable AI are essential to ensure safety and trust.
· Multicenter collaboration and increased investment can address these gaps, enabling equitable, reliable, and pediatric- centered AI solutions. |
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- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Less invasive surfactant administration versus intubation-surfactant-extubation: a single-center retrospective study
(5,611 times)
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C.S. Jithin, A. Nalina, A. Shashidhar, P.N. Suman Rao
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):991-997. Published online October 2, 2025
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Question: Does less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) (vs. intubation-surfactant-extubation) improve clinical outcomes in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome?
Finding: LISA significantly reduced intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation needs within the first 72 hours and shortened the overall invasive respiratory support duration without increasing other morbidities.
Meaning: LISA is a less invasive and safer surfactant delivery alternative. Larger multicenter trials are needed to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy, especially in low- and middle-income countries. |
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- Review Article
- Endocrinology
- Lifelong medical challenges and immunogenetics of Turner syndrome
(5,607 times)
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Won Kyoung Cho
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):560-568. Published online July 31, 2024
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· This summary emphasizes the importance of the early diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS) and presents a multidisciplinary approach to its prevention and management, high-lighting the need for customized care.
· Advancements in immunogenetic research may improve our understanding of TS and improve its outcomes.
· TS encompasses a wide array of medical challenges, including cardiovascular, endocrine, autoimmune, and mental health issues, as well as a heightened cancer risk. |
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- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Strategies to support language development in neonatal intensive care unit: a narrative review
(5,577 times)
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Ju Sun Heo, Ee-Kyung Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):651-663. Published online November 6, 2024
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· Preterm infants often experience speech and language development delays during early childhood, impacting children's ultimate outcomes.
· Promoting breastfeeding, increasing parent-infant interactions in a single-family room, promoting a nurturing language environment by parental book reading and language interventions, and parent-integrated interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit could potentially enhance children's language development.
· Integrating these strategies through family-centered care is essential. |
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- Original Article
- Neurology
- Establishing an induced pluripotent stem cell bank using urine cells from pediatric patients with neurogenetic diseases
(5,576 times)
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Hien Bao Dieu Thai, WonWoo Jung, Sol Choi, Woo Joong Kim, JangSup Moon, ByungChan Lim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):569-577. Published online April 1, 2025
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Question: What can be used to create a reliable supply of somatic cells for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generation and standardize procedures for building an iPSC bank for researching pediatric neurogenetic disorders?
Findings: Noninvasively acquired urine cells are a desirable cell source for iPSC reprogramming.
Meaning: An iPSC bank can be created from diverse patient cell sources and offer a useful resource for translating research results into clinical therapy for pediatric neurogenetic disorders. |
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- Review Article
- General Pediatrics
- Protecting our future: environmental hazards and children’s health in the face of environmental threats: a comprehensive overview
(5,552 times)
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Jungha Lee, Hyo-Bin Kim, Hun-Jong Jung, Myunghee Chung, So Eun Park, Kon-Hee Lee, Won Seop Kim, Jin-Hwa Moon, Jung Won Lee, Jae Won Shim, Sang Soo Lee, Yunkoo Kang, Young Yoo; The Environmental Health Committee of the Korean Pediatric Society
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):589-598. Published online October 31, 2024
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· Exposure to air pollutants cause allergic and respiratory diseases as well as chronic kidney disease.
· Adequate physical activity and proper nutrition are essential for children to maintain good health.
· We must educate people about the harmful effects of noise, blue light, heavy metals and smoke.
· Government and society must actively decrease environ-mental hazards. |
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- Gastroenterology
- High-resolution anorectal manometry in children
(5,530 times)
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Yogesh Waikar
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):57-63. Published online June 14, 2023
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· Anorectal manometry is safe in children.
· Defecation Dyssynergia is one of the commonest cause of chronic constipation.
· Positive Rectoanal inhibiory reflex rules out Hirschsprung's Disease |
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- Original Article
- Gastroenterology
- Outcome of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Asian children: a multinational 1-year follow-up study
(5,524 times)
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Pornthep Tanpowpong, Suporn Treepongkaruna, James Guoxian Huang, Kee Seang Chew, Karen Sophia Calixto Mercado, Almida Reodica, Shaman Rajindrajith, Wathsala Hathagoda, Yoko Kin Yoke Wong, Way Seah Lee, Marion Margaret Aw
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):247-256. Published online November 13, 2024
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Question: Short-term (1-year) follow-up data in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in Southeast Asian countries, are limited.
Finding/Meaning: Abdominal pain and pallor rates remained high at 1 year after IBD diagnosis. Three independent factors of 1-year clinical remission for Crohn disease were oral prednisolone, antibiotic, and immunomodulator use at 1-year follow-up. A history of weight loss at diagnosis was the only independent risk factor of IBD flare. |
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- Pulmonology
- Polysomnographic features of children with obesity: body mass index predict severe obstructive sleep apnea in obese children?
(5,382 times)
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Rungrat Sukharom, Prakarn Tovichien, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Pinyapach Tiamduangtawan, Wattanachai Chotinaiwattarakul
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):80-90. Published online November 6, 2024
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Question: How Common is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese children? OSA is common in obese children, even without habitual snoring.
Finding: Among the subjects, 60.6% had positional OSA, 40.2% had rapid eye movement-related OSA, 59.8% had desaturation, 20.5% had sleep-related hypoventilation, and 5.0% had obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Body mass index (BMI) and neck and waist circumferences were significantly associated with severe OSA.
Meaning: We recommend screening obese children (BMI > 29.2 kg/m2) for OSA. |
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- Review Article
- Gastroenterology
- Value of transabdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing functional constipation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(5,358 times)
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Duc Long Tran, Phu Nguyen Trong Tran, Paweena Susantitaphong, Phichayut Phinyo, Palittiya Sintusek
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):127-135. Published online November 13, 2024
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Transabdominal ultrasonography is increasingly used as a novel modality for detecting pediatric functional constipation (FC). This systematic review and metaanalysis aimed to assess the diagnostic parameters of FC including rectal diameter (RD) and anterior rectal wall thickness. A systematic search was conducted of the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases through September 29, 2023, to identify studies comparing RD... |
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- Rheumatology
- Double-negative T cells in pediatric rheumatic diseases
(5,151 times)
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Dimitri Poddighe, Tilektes Maulenkul, Kuanysh Dossybayeva, Gulsamal Zhubanova, Zaure Mukusheva, Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):632-640. Published online September 12, 2024
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Double-negative T (DNT) cells appear to be increased in several pediatric rheumatic diseases and this finding may be correlated with disease activity to some extent. However, due to significant heterogeneity in several methodological aspects, further investigations in rheumatic children are needed to assess the potential relevance of DNT cells as biomarkers and clarify their immunopathological role. |
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- Hematology
- Assessment of natural killer cell subpopulations in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major
(5,088 times)
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Fathia Ibrahim Elbassal, Mohamed Abdel Rehim Soliman, Nourhan Hossam Eldin Mohamed, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid, Hanan Hassan El-Sheity
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):981-990. Published online September 12, 2025
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Question: How does iron overload affect immunity in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major?
Finding: Iron overload in these patients is associated with disrupted natural killer (NK) cell subpopulations, reflecting impaired innate immunity.
Meaning: This highlights the need to monitor immune profile alongside iron status during thalassemia management. |
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- Review Article
- Neurology
- Sacral dimple: clinical perspectives of lesions hidden beneath the skin
(5,080 times)
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Jin Eun, Kwan Sung Lee, Seung Ho Yang
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(2):103-113. Published online November 26, 2025
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· Most sacral dimples are benign, but atypical features may indicate occult spinal dysraphism.
· Simple dimples meeting strict criteria require no imaging, whereas atypical dimples require targeted ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging.
· The early diagnosis and surgical management of highrisk cases prevents irreversible neurological, orthopedic, and urological deficits. |
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- Original Article
- Gastroenterology
- Differences in immune cells and gene expression in human milk by parity on integrated scRNA sequencing
(5,069 times)
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Dae Yong Yi, Hong-Jai Park, Min Sun Shin, Hyoungsu Kim, Sang Jin Lee, Insoo Kang
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):141-152. Published online January 10, 2025
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Question: Is there a difference in immune cells in human breast milk by parity?
Finding: There were higher proportions of monocytes and T/B cells in the primiparous and multiparous group, respectively. The expression of genes with a direct role in the infant immune system and immune response-related genes were highest in the primiparous group
Meaning: There were parity-dependent differences in the expression of genes between innate and adaptive immune cells. |
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- Review Article
- Gastroenterology
- Ingestion of foreign bodies and caustic substances in children: a narrative review on clinical evaluation and management update
(5,031 times)
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Maria Rogalidou
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):11-21. Published online December 10, 2025
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Foreign body and caustic substance ingestion in children aged 1–5 years can feature to severe and, sometimes life-threatening complications. High-risk items include batteries, magnets, and corrosive chemicals. Severity depends on object type, location, and ingestion timing. Prompt diagnosis and early endoscopic intervention are crucial. Individualized management, high clinical suspicion, and parental education are essential to improving outcomes and preventing immediate and long-term complications affecting a child’s quality of life. |
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- Adolescence Medicine
- Diet-related behaviors affecting health and substance use among children and adolescents
(4,902 times)
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Ji-Hyun Seo, Sochung Chung
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):664-671. Published online October 31, 2024
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· Diet behaviors in children and adolescents are influenced by environmental and sociocultural factors.
· Unhealthy diet behaviors and poor diet quality are the main contributing factors to noncommunicable diseases and mental health problems during childhood and adolescence.
· Smoking and alcohol drinking in children and adolescents may be associated with unhealthy diet behavior or poor diet quality. |
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- Endocrinology
- Pubertal induction in prepubertal males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: testosterone or gonadotropins?
(4,878 times)
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Paolo Cavarzere, Riccardo Battiston, Valentina Lupieri, Valentina Mancioppi, Claudio Maffeis
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):1-10. Published online December 18, 2025
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The pubertal induction process in males still poses a challenge for pediatric endocrinologists. The existing literature is limited, and it is not yet possible to make definitive recommendations. We described the various treatment for this condition and tried to analyze the unresolved questions to address the question posed in the title of our manuscript. |
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- Original Article
- Critical Care Medicine
- Cytokine profile of Post–cardiopulmonary bypass in children
(4,832 times)
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Kantara Saelim, Kanokpan Ruangnapa, Jirayut Jarutach, Pongsanae Duangpakdee, Smonrapat Surasombatpattana, Pharsai prasertsan
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):1015-1022. Published online September 19, 2025
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Question: Can cytokine levels predict low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in children post–cardiopulmonary bypass?
Finding: Elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were associated with LCOS, with an increase in IL-8 of >56 pg/mL from baseline to immediately postoperative being the strongest predictor.
Meaning: Monitoring immediately postoperative IL-8 levels may help identify pediatric patients at risk of LCOS, enabling timely interventions to improve outcomes. |
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- Endocrinology
- Efficacy of leuprolide acetate versus triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for treatment of central precocious puberty
(4,809 times)
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Thanaporn Thaneetrakool, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Vichit Supornsilchai, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, Khomsak Srilanchakon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):91-96. Published online November 6, 2024
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Question: What are the differences in efficacy between leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP)?
Finding: There were no significant intergroup differences in luteinizing hormone suppression or predicted adult height at the end of treatment in girls with CPP.
Meaning: Leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate have comparable efficacy for treating CPP. |
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- Review Article
- Allergy
- Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels can predict allergic disease development and atopic march in children
(4,746 times)
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Zak Callaway, Chang-Keun Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):398-405. Published online February 3, 2025
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· Allergic march occurs in a subset of children, beginning with atopic dermatitis and progressing to food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and/or asthma. Its early diagnosis is important to slowing its progression.
· Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), an excellent biomarker of eosinophil activity, is often elevated in allergic diseases.
· EDN levels have been used to predict allergic disease development and diagnose, treat, and monitor allergic diseases. |
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