Most viewed
- Page Path
-
- HOME
- BROWSE ARTICLES
- Most viewed
"Most viewed" Articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last six month.
- Review Article
- General Pediatrics
- Bridging the gap: autism spectrum disorder in children in the United States and worldwide: a narrative review
(3,988 times)
-
Sandhya J. Kadam, Malika Goel
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):852-857. Published online October 2, 2025
-
|
The prevalence of autism is increasing worldwide. The United States has the highest numbers, likely due to the availability of better treatment options. However, global disparities exist, especially in low-resource settings in which stigma, underdiagnosis, and limited services hinder care. A coordinated international approach emphasizing early screening, inclusive policies, and culturally sensitive support systems can bridge this gap and improve the outcomes for children with autism and their families worldwide. |
-
-
- Allergy
- Practical issues of oral immunotherapy for egg or milk allergy
(3,941 times)
-
Sukyung Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Jihyun Kim
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):140-148. Published online June 19, 2023
-
|
· Oral immunotherapy should be supervised by pediatricians with experience administering oral food challenge tests and managing allergic reactions.
· Food allergen intake is gradually increased and maintained for years.
· Patients may experience allergic reactions and psychological problems.
· Adjunctive therapies (biologics, antihistamines, and leukotriene receptor antagonists) may improve efficacy and safety.
· Contraindications include uncontrolled asthma, malignancy, active autoimmune disorders, and beta-blocker usage. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Other
- Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality: potential clinical and training applications in pediatrics
(3,887 times)
-
Suyoung Yoo, Meong Hi Son
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):92-103. Published online May 24, 2023
-
|
· Review of articles that investigated the applications of virtual, augmented, or mixed reality in pediatric clinical settings and in the training of pediatric medical professionals was conducted.
· A total of 89 studies were retrieved, with 36 randomized controlled trials.
· In most studies, intervention using the novel technology was at least as effective or more effective than the traditional method.
· Use of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality has potential in pediatrics. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Critical Care Medicine
- Protocolized sedation may reduce ventilation and sedation requirements in the pediatric intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(3,835 times)
-
Ambrus Szemere, Alíz Fazekas, Anna Réka Sebestyén, Rani Ezzeddine, Veronika Upor, Marie Anne Engh, Péter Hegyi, Zsolt Molnár, Klára Horváth
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):406-416. Published online February 19, 2025
-
|
|
Protocolized sedation may reduce ventilation requirements, pediatric intensive care unit length of stay, and sedative exposure. However, it may increase the likelihood of unplanned extubation, highlighting the importance of incorporating preventive measures to mitigate this risk. |
-
-
- Guideline
- Infection
- Recommendation for use of 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Korean infants and children
(3,834 times)
-
Ki Wook Yun, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Gyun Ahn, Byung-Wook Eun, Jin Lee, Jina Lee, Taek-Jin Lee, Hyunju Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Eun Young Cho, Hye-Kyung Cho, Soo-Han Choi, Young June Choe, Ui Yoon Choi, Yun-Kyung Kim; The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):76-83. Published online December 30, 2025
-
|
|
Compared to PCV13, PCV15 includes 2 (22F and 33F), and PCV20 includes 7 (8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, and 33F) additional serotypes. The vaccination schedule remains the same: primary doses at 2, 4, and 6 months, and a booster at 12–15 months. If PCV13 was administered in the primary series, PCV15 and PCV20 may be used to complete it or as a booster. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Endocrinology
- Thyroid peroxidase gene variants and susceptibility to congenital hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease among Egyptian pediatric cohort
(3,829 times)
-
Hala M. Sakhr, Mohammed H. Hassan, Esraa Abbass Abdallah, Amira Mahmoud Ewis, Mohamed Hesham Mohamed, Shymaa Gaber Rizk
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(6):486-496. Published online March 26, 2026
-
|
Question: Which factors influence pediatric thyroid disorder susceptibility and severity?
Finding: Anemia, selenium deficiency, excess copper, and the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Arg386His polymorphism, especially with the histidine/histidine genotype, are strongly associated with pediatric thyroid disease and high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.
Meaning: Pediatric thyroid disorders are multifactorial. The TPO Arg386His variant may help identify children at higher risk of severe thyroid dysfunction, enabling earlier diagnosis, improved risk stratification, and more personalized clinical management. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Infection
- COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies
(3,801 times)
-
Nevio Cimolai
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):1-16. Published online November 27, 2023
-
|
· Clinical studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in infants should be supported by rigorous laboratory diagnostic criteria.
· Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads to infants similarly to other viral respiratory infections.
· Among infants ≤1 year of age beyond the immediate postpartum period, COVID-19 is relatively mild, but even the low risk of severe disease requires prevention.
· Comorbidities increase infection vulnerability and complications in infants.
· Clinical and laboratory data do not sufficiently distinguish COVID-19 from other respiratory viral infections.
· Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is uncommon among infants.
· Unique infection sequelae, including multi-inflammatory syndrome in children and neonates and long COVID require further study and refinement of diagnostic criteria.
· Infection control standards applied to mother-infant dyads should be tempered by standard preventive strategies, maternal input, accommodation potential, and overall safety.
· Maternal vaccination prevents disease in early infancy. |
-
-
- General Pediatrics
- Protecting our future: environmental hazards and children’s health in the face of environmental threats: a comprehensive overview
(3,749 times)
-
Jungha Lee, Hyo-Bin Kim, Hun-Jong Jung, Myunghee Chung, So Eun Park, Kon-Hee Lee, Won Seop Kim, Jin-Hwa Moon, Jung Won Lee, Jae Won Shim, Sang Soo Lee, Yunkoo Kang, Young Yoo; The Environmental Health Committee of the Korean Pediatric Society
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):589-598. Published online October 31, 2024
-
|
· Exposure to air pollutants cause allergic and respiratory diseases as well as chronic kidney disease.
· Adequate physical activity and proper nutrition are essential for children to maintain good health.
· We must educate people about the harmful effects of noise, blue light, heavy metals and smoke.
· Government and society must actively decrease environ-mental hazards. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Incidence of neural tube defects in tertiary care university hospital in Bangladesh
(3,726 times)
-
Ismat Jahan, Arif Hossain, Shah Nizam Uddin Shaon, Sadeka Choudhury Moni, Mohammad Kamrul Hassan Shabuj, Sanjoy Kumer Dey, Mohammad Abdul Mannan, Mohammod Shahidullah
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(7):530-538. Published online April 1, 2025
-
|
Question: What is the burden of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit in Bangladesh?
Finding: The overall incidence of NTD was 6.4 (range, 4.59–11.2) per 1,000 live births, and the meningomyelocele complex was the most frequent location.
Meaning: The high incidence of NTD found in a leading tertiary care multidisciplinary referral hospital in Bangladesh may not reflect that of the wider population. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Endocrinology
- Hidden link between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pediatric obesity
(3,710 times)
-
Min Won Shin, Shin-Hye Kim
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):199-222. Published online November 28, 2024
-
|
Studies indicate potential connections between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and childhood obesity. Variations in the impact of EDCs in epidemiological studies may result from differences in exposure concentrations and timing, measurement methods, and interactive effects of multiple EDCs. Longitudinal studies on exposure to multiple EDCs are crucial to elucidating their contribution to pediatric obesity and minimize the adverse health consequences of EDC exposure. |
-
-
- General Pediatrics
- Impact of screen exposure during pediatric ages including multifaceted aggravating factors: a literature review
(3,688 times)
-
Daniel González-Pérez, David Sebastián Huertas-Moreno, Manuela Granados-Pinilla, Sofía Hernandez-Rojas, Laura González-Rincon, Geraldine Hurtado-Garcia, Simón Grisales-Calle, María José González-Mariño, Luz Dary Gutierrez-Castañeda, Jhon Camacho-Cruz
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):751-760. Published online September 24, 2025
-
|
Excessive screen time in children is linked to obesity, overweight, sedentary behavior, depression and mood disorders, myopia, behavioral changes, sleep disturbances, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, among others. Polymorphisms in genes like FTO, CACNA1D, and DRD2 could further increase these risks. Implementing strategies such as limiting screen use, creating screen-free zones, and monitoring content is essential to mitigate adverse physical and mental health effects in the pediatric population. |
-
-
- Editorial
- Allergy
- Comorbidities of allergic rhinitis in children
(3,669 times)
-
Yong Ju Lee
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):675-676. Published online July 31, 2024
-
|
· Allergic rhinitis in children often goes undiagnosed or untreated, with significant systemic complications like sleep disorders, growth issues, and gastrointestinal symptoms linked to nasal obstruction.
· A patient-centered action plan that considers symptom severity, preferences, and comprehensive management of associated complications is essential for effective treatment. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Endocrinology
- Impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on growth outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis: a systematic review
(3,648 times)
-
Farzaneh Abbasi, Asal Khalili Dehkordi, Reihaneh Mohsenipour
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):417-427. Published online March 11, 2025
-
|
|
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) enhances the growth outcomes of pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidosis, with early intervention leading to improved height, weight, and body mass index. However, achieving a standard adult height remains uncommon among these patients, even in cases of early HSCT. Growth hormone therapy provides short-term benefits but does not address long-term height deficits. Pubertal development is generally normal; however, precocious puberty and pubertal arrest may occur. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Endocrinology
- Long-term epidemiological insights into rickets: a nationwide population-based retrospective study
(3,641 times)
-
Chun-Hao Chu, Ying-Chuan Chen, Pei-Yao Liu, Chun-Chieh Hu, Yu-Lung Lin, Feng-Chih Kuo, Chieh-Hua Lu, Tzu-Ju Hsu, Yu-Tung Hung, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Chien-Ming Lin
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):879-891. Published online August 20, 2025
-
|
Question: What are the nationwide trends and mortality risk factors of nutritional versus hereditary rickets among children in Asia?
Finding: In 2012–2018, the incidence of rickets steadily increased, whereas mortality rates declined. Mortality is associated with a low household income, anemia, chronic kidney disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and a prolonged hospital stay.
Meaning: Early diagnosis and targeted interventions addressing social and medical vulnerabilities are critical to reducing ricket-related mortality. |
-
-
- Perspective
- General Pediatrics
- Parenting principles to combat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and form resilient young minds
(3,634 times)
-
Jandy Le, Sandhya J. Kadam
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):838-841. Published online September 22, 2025
-
|
The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and other related behavioral problems is increasing among children, likely due to less interaction with their parents and the real world and more time spent on screens, on social media, and in the virtual world. This article highlights several simple, basic parenting principles to facilitate the growth of healthy, resilient minds and combat the symptoms of opposition, hyperactivity, and distractibility. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Updates in neonatal resuscitation: routine use of laryngeal masks as an alternative to face masks
(3,631 times)
-
Eun Song Song, Ga Won Jeon
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(5):240-246. Published online July 11, 2023
-
|
In neonatal resuscitation:
· Laryngeal masks are recommended when endotracheal intubation or positive-pressure ventilation fails.
· Laryngeal masks are useful even during chest compressions.
· Laryngeal masks aid neonates >34 weeks’ gestation and/or with a birth weight >2 kg.
· Main usage barriers include limited experience (81%), preference for endotracheal tubes (57%), and lack of awareness (56%).
· Second-generation laryngeal masks have a built-in esophageal drainage tube that prevents regurgitation into the glottis, and an orogastric tube can be inserted within the esophageal drainage tube to protect against gastric inflation. |
-
-
- Nutrition
- Exploring nutritional screening tools for hospitalized children: a narrative review
(3,624 times)
-
Pankaj Soni, Amit Agrawal, Gaurav Jadon
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):963-970. Published online October 22, 2025
-
|
Malnutrition is frequently identified in hospitalized children, and the use of nutritional screening tools is crucial for assessing their nutritional status during their hospital admission and stay. Common tools include the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, Screening Tool for Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and Screening Tool for Risk of Nutritional Status and Growth. However, these tools have varying sensitivities and specificities, and none is recommended for all hospitalized children. |
-
-
- Original Article
- General Pediatrics
- Trends and determinants in breastfeeding among Korean infants (2007–2021): a nationwide study using the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children
(3,611 times)
-
Minwoong Kang, Eui Kyung Choi, Jeung Min Lee, Hye-Jung Shin, Woo Ryoung Lee, Son Moon Shin; Korean Society of Breastfeeding Medicine
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):772-780. Published online July 4, 2025
-
|
Question: What are the recent trends and determinants of breastfeeding in South Korea?
Finding: Breastfeeding rates in South Korea declined significantly from 2007 to 2021, with lower rates observed in preterm, low-birthweight, and multiple-birth infants as well as rural or lower-income households.
Meaning: Targeted interventions, including prenatal education, postnatal support, and community-based programs, are required to address disparities and improve breastfeeding rates. |
-
-
- Neurology
- Evaluation of pediatric migraine triggers: a single-center study
(3,599 times)
-
Hey-Joon Son, Joo-Ok Jin, Kon-Hee Lee
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):163-169. Published online November 11, 2024
-
|
Question: What are the primary triggers for pediatric migraines, and how do they impact clinical management?
Finding: Common triggers for pediatric migraines include sleep disturbances, academic stress, and motion sickness, with academic stress identified as the most intense.
Meaning: Recognizing and addressing specific triggers like sleep disturbance and academic stress is crucial to effectively managing pediatric migraines with emphasis on personalized care to improve outcomes. |
-
-
- General Pediatrics
- Comparative analysis of goal attainment for helmet therapy versus conservative management for positional plagiocephaly in infants
(3,599 times)
-
Bjoern Vogt, Ariane Deutschle, Georg Gosheger, Adrien Frommer, Andrea Laufer, Henning Tretow, Robert Roedl, Gregor Toporowski
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):892-900. Published online October 2, 2025
-
|
Question: Is helmet therapy more effective than conservative management in treating positional plagiocephaly?
Finding: Both approaches reduced cranial asymmetry with comparable correction speed. Helmet therapy showed a trend toward greater severity reduction.
Meaning: Early treatment initiation was the strongest predictor of improvement. Helmet therapy may offer additional benefit in more severe cases. |
-
-
- Hematology
- Hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia: links to vitamin cofactor deficiencies and oxidative stress
(3,580 times)
-
Arzu Dadashova, Gunay Aliyeva, Rana Rahimova, Gulnara Azizova, Khayala Mammadova
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):819-830. Published online July 8, 2025
-
|
Question: What are the biochemical and clinical correlates of hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia, and how does it relate to vitamin status, oxidative stress, and splenectomy?
Finding: Most pediatric β-thalassemia patients exhibited severe hyperhomocysteinemia, which was strongly associated with folate and B12 deficiencies and influenced oxidative stress patterns, particularly in splenectomized individuals.
Meaning: These findings suggest that routine monitoring and correction of B-vitamin deficiencies may mitigate hyperhomocysteinemia-related risks in pediatric thalassemia. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Other
- MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases
(3,563 times)
-
Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):119-125. Published online May 24, 2023
-
|
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally, and MiRNA expression levels vary with developmental stages. MiRNAs play an important role in several biological processes in children, including growth, neuro-development, inflammation, and tumor formation. Research on miRNAs may uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying various pediatric diseases, leading to the development of novel biomarkers that aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases. |
-
-
- Endocrinology
- Continuous glucose monitoring in Korean pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: current landscape and clinical implications
(3,552 times)
-
Hwa Young Kim, Jaehyun Kim
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):842-851. Published online October 2, 2025
-
|
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has transformed pediatric type 1 diabetes care by facilitating tighter glycemic control, reducing hypoglycemia, and improving quality of life.
Recent advances in CGM technology and the expansion of insurance coverage in Korea have led to its broader adoption.
Emerging metrics such as time in tight range offer refined tools for individualized glycemic assessment, highlighting CGM’s evolving role in personalized pediatric diabetes management. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Neurology
- Long-term outcome in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: a multicenter retrospective study in Korea
(3,533 times)
-
Sun Ah Choi, Minhye Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Woo Joong Kim, Byung Chan Lim, Ji Yeon Han, Hunmin Kim, Min-Jee Kim, Mi-Sun Yum, Jiwon Lee, Jeehun Lee, Hyewon Woo, Jon Soo Kim
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):386-393. Published online February 19, 2026
-
|
Question: How have epilepsy and cognitive outcomes of children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) evolved over the past 20 years?
Finding: Approximately 78% of children developed chronic epilepsy, and one-third progressed to drug-resistant epilepsy, while 90% of them exhibited intellectual disabilities.
Meaning: Given the poor outcomes associated with IESS, consensus guidelines tailored to Korean clinical practice are required to ensure timely treatment and improve outcomes. |
-
-
- Critical Care Medicine
- Serum amyloid A and proadrenomedullin as early markers in critically ill children with sepsis
(3,473 times)
-
Nagwan Y. Saleh, Wafaa M. Abo El Fotoh, Mona S. Habib, Salem E. Deraz
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):578-586. Published online February 26, 2025
-
|
Question: Are serum amyloid A (SAA) and proadrenomedullin (proADM) levels early markers in critically ill children with sepsis?
Finding: This prospective case-control study included 65 critically ill children with sepsis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and 31 controls. SAA and proADM levels were significantly higher in patients versus controls.
Meaning: SAA and proADM are promising biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in pediatric sepsis. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Other
- Use of virtual reality in children in a broad range of medical settings: a systematic narrative review of recent meta-analyses
(3,469 times)
-
Emily Antonovics, Grammatina Boitsios, Thomas Saliba
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):274-282. Published online May 21, 2024
-
|
· Virtual reality (VR) is becoming increasingly common for entertainment and in medical settings.
· VR is useful for treating children with cerebral palsy.
· VR can help with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
· VR can decrease pain perception in children undergoing burn wound care.
· VR can reduce preoperative anxiety.
· VR can reduce fear and pain during needle-involving procedures. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Gastroenterology
- Outcome of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Asian children: a multinational 1-year follow-up study
(3,465 times)
-
Pornthep Tanpowpong, Suporn Treepongkaruna, James Guoxian Huang, Kee Seang Chew, Karen Sophia Calixto Mercado, Almida Reodica, Shaman Rajindrajith, Wathsala Hathagoda, Yoko Kin Yoke Wong, Way Seah Lee, Marion Margaret Aw
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):247-256. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
Question: Short-term (1-year) follow-up data in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in Southeast Asian countries, are limited.
Finding/Meaning: Abdominal pain and pallor rates remained high at 1 year after IBD diagnosis. Three independent factors of 1-year clinical remission for Crohn disease were oral prednisolone, antibiotic, and immunomodulator use at 1-year follow-up. A history of weight loss at diagnosis was the only independent risk factor of IBD flare. |
-
-
- Treatment targeting pediatric inflammatory bowel disease-associated anemia: experience from a single tertiary center
(3,437 times)
-
Ana S.C. Fernandes, Sara Azevedo, Ana Rita Martins, Ana Isabel Lopes
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):722-731. Published online June 10, 2025
-
|
Question: Does treating iron deficiency (ID) using intravenous iron in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) feature long-term safety and efficacy?
Finding: Intravenous iron supplementation was safe and effective. However, the ID recurrence rate was higher than expected.
Meaning: Proactive screening and treatment of ID in pediatric IBD are essential. The Ganzoni formula likely underestimates the iron requirements of pediatric patients. Prospective trials are needed to optimize iron treatment dosing. |
-
-
