Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Neonatal risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorders: an umbrella review (5,211 times)

Amir Mohammad Salehi, Erfan Ayubi, Salman Khazaei, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Zohreh Salimi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):459-464. Published online July 19, 2024

Question: What are the neonatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Findings: Significant effect sizes were observed for congenital heart disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.35), macrosomia (OR, 1.11), low birth weight (OR, 1.63), very low birth weight (OR, 2.25), small for gestational age (OR, 1.17), jaundice (OR, 1.74), male sex (OR, 1.47), and Apgar score (OR, 1.40).
Meaning: These factors were identified as risk factors for ASD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00136

Critical Care Medicine

Cytokine profile of Post–cardiopulmonary bypass in children (5,208 times)

Kantara Saelim, Kanokpan Ruangnapa, Jirayut Jarutach, Pongsanae Duangpakdee, Smonrapat Surasombatpattana, Pharsai prasertsan

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):1015-1022. Published online September 19, 2025

Crossref 3

Question: Can cytokine levels predict low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in children post–cardiopulmonary bypass?
Finding: Elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were associated with LCOS, with an increase in IL-8 of >56 pg/mL from baseline to immediately postoperative being the strongest predictor.
Meaning: Monitoring immediately postoperative IL-8 levels may help identify pediatric patients at risk of LCOS, enabling timely interventions to improve outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00836

Endocrinology

Efficacy of leuprolide acetate versus triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for treatment of central precocious puberty (5,179 times)

Thanaporn Thaneetrakool, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Vichit Supornsilchai, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, Khomsak Srilanchakon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):91-96. Published online November 6, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: What are the differences in efficacy between leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP)?
Finding: There were no significant intergroup differences in luteinizing hormone suppression or predicted adult height at the end of treatment in girls with CPP.
Meaning: Leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate have comparable efficacy for treating CPP.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00822

Infection

Clinical characteristics and associated factors of pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a retrospective study (5,154 times)

Huiling Zhang, Yilong Wang, Qianyun Ding, Xuekun Li, Sheng Ye

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):153-162. Published online November 11, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 1

· The mortality rate of acute necrotizing encephalopathy was high.
· Laboratory tests revealed that the fatal group had higher creatinine, lactate, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, creatine kinase, and D-dimer than survivors.
· The fatal group displayed lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores and arterial pH.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00794

Review Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Recent advances in understanding pathophysiology of non-nutritional stunting in very preterm infants (5,054 times)

Eduardo Cuestas, Alina Rizzotti

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):287-297. Published online December 23, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

· Previous reviews of extrauterine growth restriction focused mainly on weight growth restriction caused by nutritional factors or pathological conditions.
· This review summarizes recent developments in the pathophysiology of nonnutritional length growth restriction in very preterm infants with focus on the impact of sustained neonatal inflammation on their short- and long-term outcomes.
· Further research is needed to investigate optimal strategies to improve length growth restriction in very preterm infants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01354

Endocrinology

Two- versus one-bag fluid delivery in pediatric and adolescent diabetic ketoacidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (4,979 times)

Maya L. Nasser, Joseph Nasr, Reem B. Zalloum, Nathanael Q.E. Yap, Natalie E. Bourdakos, Shahid Miangul, Tara A. Betts, Hayato Nakanishi, Christian A. Than, Serge Jabbour

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):486-497. Published online June 27, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· The safety and efficacy of the two-bag versus one-bag system for treating patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) < 21 years remains unestablished.
· Our meta-analysis demonstrated similar safety outcomes but sooner DKA resolution and shorter mean response time for intravenous fluid changes for the two-bag system.
· This preliminary evidence suggests that the two-bag system has some advantages in efficacy, but further studies are needed to evaluate their extent.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01536

Editorial

Neurology

Screen time and neurodevelopment in preschoolers: addressing a growing concern in pediatric practice (4,922 times)

Soongang Park, Hyewon Woo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):434-436. Published online January 13, 2025

· Excessive screen time in preschoolers is associated with neurodevelopmental delays, particularly during the early years of life.
· Parental supervision and national guidelines are critical in mitigating the negative impacts of excessive screen time and fostering healthy media habits in preschoolers.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01536

Original Article

Pulmonology

Clinical course of children with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans with versus without comorbid bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4,914 times)

Lamia Medghoul, Julien Grosjean, Christophe Marguet, Hortense Petat

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(7):497-502. Published online April 1, 2025

Question: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a chronic respiratory disease that typically develops in children after a severe respiratory infection. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is often comorbid in patients with PIBO.
Finding: Corticosteroid pulse therapy effectively manages PIBO with or without comorbid BPD, significantly reducing exacerbations and decreasing the daily requirement for inhaled corticosteroids.
Meaning: Therapeutic effects of corticosteroid pulses are rapid and sustained over time, in both groups.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00122

Hematology

Hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia: links to vitamin cofactor deficiencies and oxidative stress (4,904 times)

Arzu Dadashova, Gunay Aliyeva, Rana Rahimova, Gulnara Azizova, Khayala Mammadova

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):819-830. Published online July 8, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 4

Question: What are the biochemical and clinical correlates of hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia, and how does it relate to vitamin status, oxidative stress, and splenectomy?
Finding: Most pediatric β-thalassemia patients exhibited severe hyperhomocysteinemia, which was strongly associated with folate and B₁₂ deficiencies and influenced oxidative stress patterns, particularly in splenectomized individuals.
Meaning: These findings suggest that routine monitoring and correction of B-vitamin deficiencies may mitigate hyperhomocysteinemia-related risks in pediatric thalassemia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00556

Review Article

Other

MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases (4,869 times)

Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):119-125. Published online May 24, 2023

Web of Science 11 Crossref 9

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally, and MiRNA expression levels vary with developmental stages. MiRNAs play an important role in several biological processes in children, including growth, neuro-development, inflammation, and tumor formation. Research on miRNAs may uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying various pediatric diseases, leading to the development of novel biomarkers that aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00171

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide versus room-air insufflation in pediatric colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial (4,831 times)

Ajay Aravind, Ujjal Poddar, Anshu Srivastava, Moinak Sen Sarma

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):594-600. Published online March 11, 2025

CO₂ insufflation has been used instead of air insufflation to reduce postprocedure pain and discomfort in adults; however, adequately powered studies in children are scarce. This randomized controlled trial of 200 children showed that CO₂ insufflation reduces postprocedure pain and discomfort during pediatric colonoscopy with no signs of CO₂ retention. CO₂ insufflation is safe and causes less pain in children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.02012

Nutrition

Factors associated with thiamin deficiency in pediatric patients with heart disease and receiving diuretics: a single-center study (4,790 times)

Phakwan Laohathai, Rathaporn Sumboonnanonda, Puthita Saengpanit, Chodchanok Vijarnsorn, Chatchawan Srisawat, Kwanjai Chotipanang, Sarawut Junnu, Supawan Kunnangja, Hathaichanok Rukprayoon, Phakkanan Phuangphan, Sompong Liammongkolkul, Arthima Phaokong, Narumon Densupsoontorn

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):666-672. Published online April 16, 2025

Question: Are pediatric patients with heart disease who are receiving diuretics at risk of thiamin deficiency (TD)?
Finding: Fifteen percent of the patients had TD. TD was associated with inadequate dietary thiamin intake and increasing age.
Meaning: The thiamin pyrophosphate effect should be assessed in those with high risk of TD. Dietary counseling should be emphasized to ensure adequate dietary thiamin intake.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01893

Review Article

Oncology

Breaking the barrier: a guidelines-based review of antiangiogenesis drug resistance in pediatric cancer therapy (4,767 times)

Nader Shakibazad, Mahdi Shahriari, Mani Ramzi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):952-962. Published online November 24, 2025

Antiangiogenic therapy resistance in pediatric cancers involves alternative angiogenic pathways, microenvironmental support, hypoxia-driven signaling, metabolic reprogramming, and structural adaptations such as vascular co-option. Metabolic adaptation highlights tumor plasticity. Effective treatments combine immunotherapy with biomarkers. To address vascular endothelial growth factor limitations, emerging targets include hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, endoglin, CXCR4, angiopoietin/Tie2, and bispecific antibodies. In resource-constrained settings, the guidelines recommend low-dose chemotherapy plus oral multiantiangiogenic agents to ensure improved accessibility and treatment outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01809

Allergy

Recent advances in food allergen immunotherapy (4,766 times)

You Hoon Jeon, Edwin H. Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(8):386-394. Published online December 7, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· To enhance the safety of food allergen immunotherapy, alternative approaches such as sublingual immunotherapy, epicutaneous immunotherapy, low-dose oral immunotherapy (OIT), and omalizumab with OIT are being explored.
· Factors such as causative allergen type, natural outgrowth, symptom severity, and patient age should be considered.
· Individualized food allergen immunotherapy plans should be established to determine the most beneficial treatment for each patient.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01004

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Quantifying myelin in neonates using magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic literature review (4,687 times)

Nabila Hanem Arshad, Hasyma Abu Hassan, Nur Farhayu Omar, Zurina Zainudin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(8):371-385. Published online December 6, 2023

Web of Science 1

Question: This systematic review attempts to discover the best magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for myelin quantification in neonates by evaluating various MRI parameters and their reproducibility.
Finding: Since the benefits of using synthetic MRI for quantifying myelin in neonates outweigh the very minor draw- backs, it is recommended.
Meaning: The findings suggest the importance of identifying noninvasive MRI techniques available to assess myelin tissue in neonates, which aid in diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00514

Original Article

Pulmonology

Impact of obesity on pulmonary function of preschool children: an impulse oscillometry study (4,609 times)

Anuvat Klubdaeng, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Apinya Palamit, Pawinee Charoensittisup, Khunphon Mahoran

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):319-325. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

Question: Does obesity in preschool children affect lung function, and which obesity indices can predict such alterations?
Finding: Preschool children with obesity exhibit impaired lung function characterized by elevated total and peripheral airway resistance. Waist-to-height ratio was the strongest predictor of such changes.
Meaning: Early obesity prevention and treatment are needed. Monitoring waist-to-height ratio, body weight, and body mass index may help identify children at risk of altered lung function.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01053

Immunology

Serum bactericidal activity against meningococcus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (4,502 times)

Soyoung Lee, Kyung-Hyo Kim, Ji Hyen Lee, Han Wool Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):362-369. Published online January 13, 2025

Question: What is the level of immunity against meningococcal infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under the age of 19, and is vaccination against meningococcus necessary for these patients, given their susceptibility to infections due to immunosuppressive treatments and disease characteristics?
Finding: Although some of our study patients exhibited serum bactericidal activity against meningococci, most remained seronegative.
Meaning: These findings suggest that patients with SLE who are at risk of meningococcal infection receive appropriate vaccinations.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01151

Critical Care Medicine

High-dose methylprednisolone and tocilizumab improve survival of patients with high-risk pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy (4,452 times)

Chaonan Fan, Fei Li, Kechun Li, Zheng Li, Yiyang Mao, Lijuan Wang, Gang Liu, Yingchao Liu, Quan Wang, Suyun Qian

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):56-64. Published online October 22, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Which immunomodulatory strategies can reduce mortality in children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE)?
Finding: High-dose methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the survival of high-risk patients, particularly when combined with tocilizumab.
Meaning: These findings support the use of a severity-based immunotherapy approach to optimize the outcomes of pediatric ANE.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01431

Other

Balance assessment with decreased base of support for children with disabilities (4,417 times)

Guilherme M. Cesar, Madison Giebler, Thad W. Buster, Judith M. Burnfield

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):718-724. Published online November 11, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Can a balance task with narrowed base of support indicate overall functional balance control in children with disabilities?
Finding: While single-limb standing could explain overall balance control for children with disabilities, it was unrelated with balance control for typically developing children.
Meaning: One balance task with narrowed base of support can be used as practical assessment of balance abilities for children with disabilities when allocated session time is of concern.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00780

Gastroenterology

Progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis (4,414 times)

Endre Botond Gagyi, Mahmoud Obeidat, Edina Tari, Szilárd Váncsa, Dániel Sándor Veres, Peter Banovcin, Péter Jenő Hegyi, Péter Hegyi, Bálint Erőss

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(2):117-129. Published online December 4, 2025

Approximately 1 in 5 children with acute pancreatitis develops recurrent attacks, and over one-third of such cases progress to chronic pancreatitis. Progression is closely linked to genetic mutations, particularly PRSS1, and anatomical abnormalities, whereas demographic and routine clinical factors lack predictive value. These results support early genetic and anatomical assessments, enabling targeted follow-ups and timely interventions in highrisk pediatric patients.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01879

Review Article

Endocrinology

Impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on growth outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis: a systematic review (4,376 times)

Farzaneh Abbasi, Asal Khalili Dehkordi, Reihaneh Mohsenipour

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):417-427. Published online March 11, 2025

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) enhances the growth outcomes of pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidosis, with early intervention leading to improved height, weight, and body mass index. However, achieving a standard adult height remains uncommon among these patients, even in cases of early HSCT. Growth hormone therapy provides short-term benefits but does not address long-term height deficits. Pubertal development is generally normal; however, precocious puberty and pubertal arrest may occur.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01725

Editorial

Other

Beyond the eye: a multidisciplinary perspective on managing pediatric myopia (4,351 times)

Eoi Jong Seo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):566-568. Published online July 18, 2025

Myopia is a growing global public health concern because of its association with irreversible vision loss such as myopic traction maculopathy, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and glaucoma. The effective prevention of myopia in childhood requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates ophthalmologic care with lifestyle, nutrition, and sleep interventions. Early detection through regular visual screening in schools and primary care settings and timely ophthalmology referrals are critical to preventing high myopia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00955

Original Article

Pulmonology

Nonlinear association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and asthma in children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study (4,348 times)

Chuhan Cheng, Liyan Zhang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(7):489-496. Published online March 11, 2025

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Question: Is there a nonlinear relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and asthma in children and adolescents?
Finding: NLR showed a nonlinear association with asthma, with an NLR threshold of 2.23 identifying individuals at higher risk.
Meaning: An NLR<2.23 may serve as a potential biomarker for asthma risk assessment and management in pediatric populations, thereby offering a simple tool for the early identification of at-risk individuals.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01844

Oncology

HLA‒B*58:01 and skin reactions in pediatric hematology and oncology patients treated with allopurinol (4,286 times)

Parisa Maneechai, Cholada Ratanatharathron, Jassada Buaboonam, Kleebsabai Sanpakit

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):974-980. Published online October 2, 2025

Crossref 1

Question: Does human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–B*58:01 increase the risk of cutaneous reactions in pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases receiving allopurinol?
Finding: : Of 108 patients, 17.6% carried HLA–B*58:01 but none developed skin reactions. The only rash occurred in an HLA-B*58:01–negative patient.
Meaning: Short-duration allopurinol may mitigate severe cutaneous adverse reaction risk regardless of genotype. Routine HLA-B*58:01 screening may be unnecessary in pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases briefly receiving allopurinol.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01032

Endocrinology

Prednisolone impairs trabecular bone score changes in adolescents with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (4,277 times)

Pattara Wiromrat, Yutapong Raruenrom, Phanpaphorn Namphaisan, Nantaporn Wongsurawat, Ouyporn Panamonta, Chatlert Pongchaiyakul

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):238-246. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Question: What is the prevalence of an impaired trabecular bone score (TBS), a measure of bone microarchitecture, in adolescents with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD)? Do prednisolone and hydrocortisone affect TBS differently in this patient population?
Finding: Impaired TBS was observed in 18% of participants. Prednisolone use negatively impacted TBS change.
Meaning: Impaired TBS is prevalent among adolescents with 21OHD. Prednisolone impairs trabecular bone microarchitecture development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01060

General Pediatrics

Global and regional burden of neonatal disorders (preterm birth, encephalopathy, jaundice, and sepsis), 1990–2021 and projections to 2050 (4,265 times)

Yuseon Kang, Jeongseon Oh, Dongjin Yeo, Jaeyu Park, Sooji Lee, Na Yun Kim, Jungmin Park, Seung Ha Hwang, Tae Hyeong Kim, Dong Keon Yon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(2):171-181. Published online October 30, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

This study provides the first comprehensive estimated global burden of neonatal disorders attributable to risk factors in 1990–2021 stratified by sex, cause, sociodemographic index (SDI), and region. We identified persistent disparities across SDI levels, with low birthweight and short gestation contributing most to the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate of neonatal disorders. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted context-specific interventions to reduce infant mortality and improve neonatal health equity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01480

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Mortality of very low birth weight infants by neonatal intensive care unit workload and regional group status (4,250 times)

Sung-Hoon Chung, Chae Young Kim, Yong-Sung Choi, Myung Hee Lee, Jae Woo Lim, Byong Sop Lee, Ki-Soo Kim; the Korean Neonatal Network

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):619-627. Published online September 12, 2024

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Question: How do structural and staffing characteristics of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) influence the mortality rates of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs)?
Findings: NICUs with higher staffing levels, particularly with more neonatologists, and those offering advanced care levels were associated with lower mortality rates. Additionally, regional disparities were observed, with some areas demon-strating significantly higher survival rates.
Meaning: Adequate staffing and equitable regional distribution of medical resources are crucial for improving survival outcomes in VLBWIs. Efforts to enhance NICU staffing and address regional healthcare disparities are essential for optimizing care quality and reducing mortality in this vulnerable population.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01613

Hematology

Impact of Xmn1 polymorphism on hydroxyurea therapy in children with HbE-β non-transfusion dependent thalassemia: a cohort study (4,240 times)

Saheli Roy, Paramita Bhattacharya, Atanu Kumar Dutta, Mrinal Kanti Das

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):437-444. Published online February 3, 2025

Question: Does the T allele of Xmn1 polymorphism favorably influence hydroxyurea efficacy in children of Eastern descent with fetal hemoglobin (HbE)-β nontransfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT)?
Finding: Decrease in transfusion requirement and increase in height following hydroxyurea therapy was noted in both groups, however, change in CT was more critical than that in CC genotype.
Meaning: T allele of Xmn1 polymorphism favorably influences hydroxyurea efficacy in children with HbE-β NTDT.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01284

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Effect of pesticide exposure on stunting incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis (4,173 times)

Sani Rachman Soleman, Yaltafit Abror Jeem, Muhammad Fathi Banna Al Faruqi, Mahdea Kasyiva, Vita Widyasari, Kuswati Kuswati, Nur Aini Djunet, Muflihah Rizkawati, Ety Sari Handayani

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):510-518. Published online September 24, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

This review aimed to determine whether pesticide exposure is associated with stunting in children. The 13 included studies agree that pesticide exposure is not correlated with stunting incidence regardless of substance type (organophosphate and pyrethroid). Heterogeneity appeared with age covariate as potential confounding. The evidence of this study is challeng-ing, as the adverse effects of pesticides grossly occurred. The protection of children is warranted for preventing future neurodevelopment issues.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01522

Editorial

Allergy

Comorbidities of allergic rhinitis in children (4,133 times)

Yong Ju Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):675-676. Published online July 31, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

· Allergic rhinitis in children often goes undiagnosed or untreated, with significant systemic complications like sleep disorders, growth issues, and gastrointestinal symptoms linked to nasal obstruction.
· A patient-centered action plan that considers symptom severity, preferences, and comprehensive management of associated complications is essential for effective treatment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00164

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